Toward a ‘reagent-free’ synthesis

Hudlický, Tomáš; Frey, Dean A.; Koroniak, Lukasz; Claeboe, Christopher D.; Brammer, Larry E.

doi:10.1039/a901397k

Cited by 117 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(13)] [59]. Unlike the previously described metrics, this metric highlights the ecological effect of the reagent(s) and reaction additive(s).…”

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the previously described metrics, this metric highlights the ecological effect of the reagent(s) and reaction additive(s). However, the EMY lacks a precise definition of non-benign reagents, currently defined as "those by-products, reagents or solvents that have no environmental risk associated with them" [59]. Nevertheless, this definition cannot specify or quantify the environmental risks in an objective way.…”

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the weaknesses of the abovementioned metrics, these fulfill (at least, partially) the requisites for suitable metrics. There are other metrics that can be applied at the early development stage (such as environmental quotient, EQ [58], EMY [59] and the C-factor [60]). However, the correct application of these metrics requires more information that is often not readily available at this development stage.…”

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of environmental and economic metrics to guide the development of biocatalytic processes

Lima-Ramos¹,

Tufvesson²,

Woodley³

2014

Green Processing and Synthesis

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Abstract:The increasing industrial interest in biocatalytic processes is predominantly driven by the need for selective chemistry, with high reaction yield (Y reaction ) and few side reactions, as well as the need for optically pure chiral molecules (in particularly in the pharmaceutical industry). Interestingly, it is often argued that the mild conditions frequently used in biocatalytic reactions (ambient temperature and pressure, neutral pH and aqueous-based media) automatically lead to environmentally-friendly and cost-effective production processes. However, such a conclusion is not justified without the use of adequate tools to evaluate the performance of a process, in particular during process development. Nevertheless, at the early development stage, evaluation of biocatalytic processes is not a trivial task, not only due to the lack of data, but also because at this stage many of the biocatalytic processes are not yet fully optimized. Hence, in this paper we propose the use of a range of tools which can be used to guide process development, research tasks and support decision-making. Three sets of metrics are identified, each for use at different stages of process development (route selection, early development and late development), each with different objectives.

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“…(13)] [59]. Unlike the previously described metrics, this metric highlights the ecological effect of the reagent(s) and reaction additive(s).…”

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Metrics For Environmental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of environmental and economic metrics to guide the development of biocatalytic processes

Lima-Ramos¹,

Tufvesson²,

Woodley³

2014

Green Processing and Synthesis

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“…Such criteria describe the energy demand, toxicity and the cost of chemicals, auxiliaries and equipment used during a product or process of life cycle stages. There are some other metrics which can also be used such as atom economy (AE) [26,27], reaction mass efficiency (RME) [28], environmental factor (E-factor) [29][30][31][32], effective mass yield [33], mass intensity [34] and the process profile [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Synthesis of Methyl 3-Chloro-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin- 2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate Using Green Metrics

Gilbile¹,

Bhavani²,

Vyas³

2017

Asian J. Chem.

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A modified synthesis of methyl 3-chloro-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate (halosulphuron) is described. The merits of the synthesis are (i) one pot chlorination of methyl 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (1) in presence of sulphuryl chloride resulting in methyl 3,5-dichloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (2) (ii) conversion of 3-chloro-5-mercapto-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3) to 3-chloro-1-methyl-5-sulfamoyl pyrazole-4-carboxylate (4) under mild reaction conditions utilizing tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, N-chlorosuccinimide and ammonium carbonate (iii) condensation of sulphonamide (4) with carbamate (6) by microwave irradiation. Efforts were made to calculate, atom economy, reaction mass efficiency and E-factor for all the reaction steps involved in the synthesis of halosulfuron. The E-factor values in step 2 and step 4 reaction is lower, indicating that these reactions are greener (generation of less waste) when compared to the remaining steps in the synthesis.

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“…A number of green chemistry metrics have been suggested to quantify the environmental efficiency of a chemical process. These metrics include the environmental factor ('E-factor'), which is equal to the total mass of waste divided by the mass of product (Sheldon 1992), the atom economy (Trost 1991), the effective mass yield (Hudlicky et al 1999), the carbon efficiency and reaction mass efficiency (Constable et al 2001), etc. Since tribology is an interdisciplinary area that involves, among other fields, chemical engineering and materials science, the principles of green chemistry are applicable to green tribology as well. However, since tribology involves, besides the chemistry of surfaces, other aspects related to the mechanics and physics of surfaces, there is a need to modify these principles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green tribology: principles, research areas and challenges

Nosonovsky

Bhushan

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

120

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In this introductory paper for the Theme Issue on green tribology, we discuss the concept of green tribology and its relation to other areas of tribology as well as other 'green' disciplines, namely, green engineering and green chemistry. We formulate the 12 principles of green tribology: the minimization of (i) friction and (ii) wear, (iii) the reduction or complete elimination of lubrication, including self-lubrication, (iv) natural and (v) biodegradable lubrication, (vi) using sustainable chemistry and engineering principles, (vii) biomimetic approaches, (viii) surface texturing, (ix) environmental implications of coatings, (x) real-time monitoring, (xi) design for degradation, and (xii) sustainable energy applications. We further define three areas of green tribology: (i) biomimetics for tribological applications, (ii) environment-friendly lubrication, and (iii) the tribology of renewable-energy application. The integration of these areas remains a primary challenge for this novel area of research. We also discuss the challenges of green tribology and future directions of research.

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Toward a ‘reagent-free’ synthesis

Cited by 117 publications

References 7 publications

Application of environmental and economic metrics to guide the development of biocatalytic processes

Application of environmental and economic metrics to guide the development of biocatalytic processes

Evaluation of Synthesis of Methyl 3-Chloro-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin- 2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate Using Green Metrics

Green tribology: principles, research areas and challenges

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