Toward Scalable Perovskite Solar Modules Using Blade Coating and Rapid Thermal Processing

Ouyang, Zhongliang; Yang, Mengjin; Whitaker, James B.; Li, Dawen; Hest, Maikel F.A.M. van

doi:10.1021/acsaem.0c00180

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, most high‐efficiency PSCs are fabricated using spin coating, a simple and reliable technique that can produce very uniform thin films. However, since it is problematic to apply spin coating in large‐area processes, other methods including blade coating, [ 25 ] slot die coating, [ 26 ] inkjet printing, [ 27 ] and spray coating [ 28 ] have been actively studied as scalable deposition techniques. Among these, spray coating has been already widely used in several industry fields and offers great advantages for the continuous production of PSC modules with large areas and a reduced material consumption.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Paik

Lee

Yun

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

it provides a larger contact area between the TiO 2 and perovskite. Almost all of the best PSC efficiencies published so far have been obtained by using TiO 2 photoelectrodes. [15-18] Moreover, excellent long-term photo-stability has also been reported in PSCs fabricated using TiO 2 electrodes. [19] mp-TiO 2 layers for PSCs can be formed using spin-coating or screen-printing methods with TiO 2 pastes containing organic binders and surfactants (e.g., ethyl cellulose and terpineol), as well as organic solvents. [20,21] Subsequently, the TiO 2 layers require a follow-up such as high-temperature process to burn out the organic components contained in the TiO 2 paste. The biggest advantage of a hightemperature process would be a lowering of the series resistance of the layer, due to the strong contact between the TiO 2 particles and the TCO substrate. Therefore, in terms of efficiency, high-temperature-processed TiO 2 layers are very desirable; nevertheless, their use may be a large limiting factor in the fabrication of PSCs using a low-temperature continuous coating process or substrates based on an organic material (e.g., polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)). [22] Even PEN-based flexible substrates can be problematic, because they can bend if subjected to a heat treatment at 150 °C. Although recent studies have shown that SnO 2 can be used as an ETLs to fabricate PSCs at relatively low temperature, a heat treatment at temperature ≥150 °C is required to reach the best performances. [23,24] Meanwhile, formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI 3)-based perovskites are generally heat-treated at 150 °C to obtain an α-phase. If all the processes for high-efficiency PSCs can be conducted at ≈100 °C, their value will be very high in terms of using flexible substrates and facilitating large-area continuous processes. Currently, most high-efficiency PSCs are fabricated using spin coating, a simple and reliable technique that can produce very uniform thin films. However, since it is problematic to apply spin coating in large-area processes, other methods including blade coating, [25] slot die coating, [26] inkjet printing, [27] and spray coating [28] have been actively studied as scalable deposition techniques. Among these, spray coating has been already widely used in several industry fields and offers great advantages for the continuous production of PSC modules with large areas and a reduced material consumption. [29] So far, several groups reported the deposition of perovskite thin films or of entire ETLs, perovskites, and HTLs (required for the fabrication TiO 2 is one of the most efficient and widely used materials for electrontransporting layer (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The formation of efficient TiO 2 layers is generally carried out at high temperature by baking at a temperature >400 °C or by vacuum deposition (e.g., atomic layer deposition and E-beam). In this study, the preparation of a TiO 2 ETL for PSCs is reported with excellent properties at low temperatures based on the synthesis of a stable TiO 2 colloidal ...

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Paik

Lee

Yun

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ideal printing conditions can be reached by identifying the correct combination of solvent and additives to be used in the ink formulation and their concentration, which can vary with the specific type of perovskite. [72] Moreover, due to the different characteristics of inks for spin coating and for techniques like slot die coating, [73][74][75][76] gravure printing, [77,78] spray coating, [79] ink-jet printing, [80] or blade coating, [81,82] much of the work devoted to optimizing the formulation cannot be directly applied to scaled-up production without reoptimization.…”

Section: Paths Toward Improved Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Inorganic Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules

Montecucco

Quadrivi

Pò

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

high defect tolerance, long carrier diffusion length, and compatibility toward scalable manufacturing processes to name a few. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, hybrid perovskites face severe degradation issues under operative conditions, which stem from the (photo) chemical instability when exposed to moisture, oxygen, UV light, and heat. [8][9][10][11][12] Among other reasons, the presence of the hydrophobic organic cation, e.g., methylammonium, can accelerate the degradation path. [12][13][14] For this reason, a greater focus has been devoted to exploring inorganic elements to replace the organic cations, for instance, using cesium to form CsPbX 3 all-inorganic perovskites. This system has been revealed of particular interest especially for the improved thermal stability of the material and, consequently, the enhanced device lifetime. [13] CsPbI 3 and CsPbBr 3 are the most studied materials within this class, with a rapid boost of their use for highly efficient solar cells, reaching 19.03% in 2019. [15] However, the PCE of CsPbX 3 -based devices are still lower than their organic-inorganic counterparts and far from the Shockley-Queisser limit calculated for their bandgap. [16] Therefore, major efforts are required to stabilize the CsPbI 3 structure and to fabricate high quality CsPbX 3 thin films, before upscaling the manufacturing toward marketable devices. In this work, we provide a compelling perspective on the most recent and innovative strategies to tackle this challenge. The structural and optoelectronic properties of CsPbX 3 materials are first sorted out, with a focus on the film morphology, crystal structure, and phase transitions of each system. Second, methods for improving the photovoltaic performances and the stability of CsPbX 3 -based devices are reported, focusing on the highest PCE and the longest device lifetimes reported up to date. Finally, we provide a perspective on the state of the art and future challenges for the upscaling of all-inorganic perovskite modules.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, the conventional spin coating method, typically used for small cell fabrication has its challenges when applied for large-area (>1 cm 2 ) fabrication, such as poor uniformity, solution wastage, low throughput. To overcome these limitations, various techniques have been developed, including slotdie coating [13][14][15][16][17][18], spray coating [19][20][21][22], inkjet printing [23,24], blade coating [25][26][27][28]. However, technical problems, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-area perovskite films for PV applications: A perspective from nucleation and crystallization

Yang

Xue

Чэн

et al. 2021

Journal of Energy Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toward Scalable Perovskite Solar Modules Using Blade Coating and Rapid Thermal Processing

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

All‐Inorganic Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules

Large-area perovskite films for PV applications: A perspective from nucleation and crystallization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Toward Scalable Perovskite Solar Modules Using Blade Coating and Rapid Thermal Processing

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

TiO2 Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

TiO2 Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

All‐Inorganic Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules

Large-area perovskite films for PV applications: A perspective from nucleation and crystallization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

TiO₂ Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells