Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Schrödl, Michael; Neusser, Timea P.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x

Cited by 47 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…With conservative estimates suggesting more than 40 000 species, heterobranchs are abundant in habitats ranging from the benthic realm to pelagic, intertidal to deep sea, tropical to polar, and freshwater to terrestrial [3,21]. These transitions are not evenly spread across lineages, and the concomitant morphological specializations have made defining homologies difficult in many cases [22]. Although a consensus of relationships among heterobranch groups is emerging [23,24], and Panpulmonata [25] has been recently supported [26], the monophyly and relationships of other higher taxa (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda

et al. 2014

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Gastropods are a highly diverse clade of molluscs that includes many familiar animals, such as limpets, snails, slugs and sea slugs. It is one of the most abundant groups of animals in the sea and the only molluscan lineage that has successfully colonized land. Yet the relationships among and within its constituent clades have remained in flux for over a century of morphological, anatomical and molecular study. Here, we re-evaluate gastropod phylogenetic relationships by collecting new transcriptome data for 40 species and analysing them in combination with publicly available genomes and transcriptomes. Our datasets include all five main gastropod clades: Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. We use two different methods to assign orthology, subsample each of these matrices into three increasingly dense subsets, and analyse all six of these supermatrices with two different models of molecular evolution. All 12 analyses yield the same unrooted network connecting the five major gastropod lineages. This reduces deep gastropod phylogeny to three alternative rooting hypotheses. These results reject the prevalent hypothesis of gastropod phylogeny, Orthogastropoda. Our dated tree is congruent with a possible end-Permian recovery of some gastropod clades, namely Caenogastropoda and some Heterobranchia subclades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda

et al. 2014

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“…Using the taxon Acochlidia as a case study, Schrödl and Neusser (2010) hit further problems besides the legendary rampant level of homoplasy that limits the power of cladistic analyses based on morphology in euthyneurans and subgroups: the quantity of codable characters with sufficient information available was much lower than expected. Even more striking than the amount of missing data and unclear nature of earlier homology assignments was the inadequate quality of primary descriptions.…”

Section: Classification and Phylogenetic Concepts Of Opisthobranchia mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphology based studies have been hampered by the parallel evolution of numerous organ systems and structures (e.g. miniaturisation and wormlike body shape in meiofaunal lineages, splitting or fusion of ganglia and reproductive ducts, reduction of the shell and other organs), creating homoplasies in the datasets that have led to erosion of the phylogenetic signal (Ghiselin 1969;Gosliner and Ghiselin 1984;Gosliner 1985Gosliner , 1991Mikkelsen 1998aMikkelsen , b, 2002Wägele and Klussmann-Kolb 2005;Schrödl and Neusser 2010). Heterochronic processes also obscured ontogenetic and phylogenetic transformations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

et al. 2013

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Opisthobranchia have experienced an unsettled taxonomic history. At the moment their taxonomy is in state of dramatic flux as recent phylogenetic studies have revealed traditional Opisthobranchia to be paraphyletic or even polyphyletic, allocating some traditional opisthobranch taxa to other groups of Heterobranchia, e.g. Pulmonata. Here we review the history of Opisthobranchia and their subgroups, explain their traditionally proposed relationships, and outline the most recent phylogenetic analyses based on various methods (morphology, single gene and multiple gene analyses, as well as genomic data). We also present a phylogenetic hypothesis on Heterobranchia that, according to the latest results, represents a consensus and is the most probable one available to date. The proposed phylogeny supports the Acteonoidea outside of monophyletic Euthyneura, the basal euthyneuran split into Nudipleura (Nudibranchia plus Pleurobranchoidea) and the recently established taxon Tectipleura. The latter divides into the Euopisthobranchia, containing most of the major traditional opisthobranch clades, and the Panpulmonata, with a mix of the former opisthobranch, putative allogastropod and pulmonate taxa. This "new euthyneuran tree" rejects the traditional taxa Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata, and, in particular, has profound implications for preconceived textbook scenarios of opisthobranch and pulmonate evolution, which must now be reconsidered. In the absence of systematic barriers, research communities-which have traditionally investigated marine and non-marine heterobranchs separately-need to interact and finally merge for the sake of science.

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“…with two pairs of well-developed head tentacles and the oval-shaped notum differs greatly from typical, tiny and streamlined mesopsammic acochlidians (Schrödl & Neusser, 2010) or from recently discovered, compact and almost atentaculate Aitengidae (Neusser et al, 2011; Swennen & Buatip, 2009). However, the clade uniting Bathyhedylidae and Aitengidae is supported by several putative synapomorphies revealed by our micro-anatomical analyses, including the follicular salivary glands and ovotestis, and the well-developed, ramified ‘dorsal vessel system’ connected to the kidney (see Neusser et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Members of the panpulmonate Acochlidiida have invaded marine and freshwater environments and even the land with 33 species inhabiting coastal mesopsammic areas, seven benthic living freshwater species and one limnic mesopsammic species from the Caribbean (e.g. Jörger et al, 2014a; Schrödl & Neusser, 2010). The recently discovered family Aitengidae comprises two amphibious (Neusser et al, 2011; Swennen & Buatip, 2009) and one terrestrial species (Kano et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unique deep sea—land connection: interactive 3D visualization and molecular phylogeny ofBathyhedyle bouchetin. sp. (Bathyhedylidae n. fam.)—the first panpulmonate slug from bathyal zones

Neusser

Jörger

Lodde-Bensch

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The deep sea comprises vast unexplored areas and is expected to conceal significant undescribed invertebrate species diversity. Deep waters may act as a refuge for many relictual groups, including elusive and enigmatic higher taxa, but the evolutionary pathways by which colonization of the deep sea has occurred have scarcely been investigated. Sister group relationships between shallow water and deep sea taxa have been documented in several invertebrate groups, but are unknown between amphibious/terrestrial and deep-sea species. Here we describe in full and interactive 3D morphoanatomical detail the new sea slug species Bathyhedyle boucheti n. sp., dredged from the continental slope off Mozambique. Molecular and morphological analyses reveal that it represents a novel heterobranch gastropod lineage which we establish as the new family Bathyhedylidae. The family is robustly supported as sister to the recently discovered panpulmonate acochlidian family Aitengidae, which comprises amphibious species living along the sea shore as well as fully terrestrial species. This is the first marine-epibenthic representative among hedylopsacean Acochlidiida, the first record of an acochlidian from deep waters and the first documented panpulmonate deep-sea slug. Considering a marine mesopsammic ancestor, the external morphological features of Bathyhedyle n. gen. may be interpreted as independent adaptations to a benthic life style in the deep sea, including the large body size, broad foot and propodial tentacles. Alternatively, the common ancestor of Bathyhedylidae and Aitengidae may have been a macroscopic amphibious or even terrestrial species. We hypothesize that oophagy in the common ancestor of Aitengidae and Bathyhedylidae might explain the impressive ecological and evolutionary flexibility in habitat choice in the Acochlidiida.

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Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda

Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

The unique deep sea—land connection: interactive 3D visualization and molecular phylogeny ofBathyhedyle bouchetin. sp. (Bathyhedylidae n. fam.)—the first panpulmonate slug from bathyal zones

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