Towards an unbiased filter routine to determine precipitation and evapotranspiration from high precision lysimeter measurements

Peters, André; Groh, Jannis; Schrader, Frederik; Durner, Wolfgang; Vereecken, Harry; Pütz, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.015

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This can more realistically represent ET processes in lysimeters under conditions of upward‐directed water fluxes from shallow groundwater tables or deeper soil layers (Groh et al, ; Karimov et al, ; Schwaerzel & Bohl, ). In addition to technological improvements that enable measuring mass changes with high accuracy and temporal resolution, the data analysis has made substantial progress by developing quality checks and algorithms to reduce the impact of noise on lysimeter balance data (Küpper et al, ; Marek et al, ; Peters et al, , ; Pütz et al, ). Hence, we used state of the art weighable lysimeter systems with a high temporal resolution and precision to quantify ET N and to investigate the following points: What is the contribution of ET N to the total ET on the seasonal and annual time scale in two low mountain range grassland ecosystems under a humid and temperate climate? Which atmospheric‐ and soil‐related drivers control nighttime and daytime ET ? Can approaches that are used to predict ET based on meteorological variables and that are based on the land surface energy balance predict ET N and its contribution to the total ET ? To what extent is ET N increased during hot days and can this increase be predicted? …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can more realistically represent ET processes in lysimeters under conditions of upward-directed water fluxes from shallow groundwater tables or deeper soil layers Karimov et al, 2014;Schwaerzel & Bohl, 2003). In addition to technological improvements that enable measuring mass changes with high accuracy and temporal resolution, the data analysis has made substantial progress by developing quality checks and algorithms to reduce the impact of noise on lysimeter balance data (Küpper et al, 2017;Marek et al, 2014;Peters et al, 2014Peters et al, , 2017Pütz et al, 2016). Hence, we used state of the art weighable lysimeter systems with a high temporal resolution and precision to quantify ET N and to investigate the following points:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification and Prediction of Nighttime Evapotranspiration for Two Distinct Grassland Ecosystems

Groh

Pütz

Gerke

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Evapotranspiration (ET) is, after precipitation, the second largest flux at the land surface in the water cycle and occurs mainly during daytime. Less attention has been given to water fluxes from the land surface into the atmosphere during nighttime (i.e., between sunset and sunrise). The nighttime ET (ETN) may be estimated based on models that use meteorological data; however, due to missing experimental long‐term data, the verification of ETN estimates is limited. In this paper, the amount of ETN for two grassland ecosystems was determined from highly temporally resolved and precise weighing lysimeter data. We found that annual ETN ranged between 3.5% and 9.5% of daytime annual ET (ETD) and occurred mainly during wet soil and canopy surface conditions, which suggests that ETN is largely related to evaporation. ETN was positively correlated with wind speed. Dew formation, ranging from 4.8% to 6.4% of annual precipitation, was in absolute terms larger than ETN. The prediction of ETN with the Penman‐Monteith model improved if the aerodynamic and surface resistance parameters were based on vegetation height observations and the nighttime stomatal resistance parameter was assumed to be zero. The occurrence of hot days during the observation period showed to increase average ETN rates. Our results suggest that ETN can be observed with precision weighing lysimeters, was a not negligible component in the water balance of the grassland ecosystems, and thus needs more attention when simulating land surface hydrological processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and Prediction of Nighttime Evapotranspiration for Two Distinct Grassland Ecosystems

Groh

Pütz

Gerke

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…There are implemented tailored steps for quality assurance and quality control (Pastorello et al, 2014). A quality flag at each time interval indicates whether the data were measured or gap-filled based on marginal distribution sampling (Reichstein et al, 2005). Moreover, there is an energy balance closure correction factor applied to the data based on the assumption that the Bowen ratio is correct.…”

Section: Global Network Of Ec Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values are discarded for intervals when rain occurs, when the tower is in the upwind direction affecting the air flow (see Hirschi et al, 2017), and for cases with overly low turbulence (median threshold for friction velocity) based on Wutzler et al (2018). The resulting gaps are filled according to Reichstein et al (2005). Latent heat flux is converted into water volume by dividing by the latent heat of vaporization; here we assume λ = 2.472 × 10 6 J kg −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial water loss at night: global relevance from observations and climate models

Padrón

Gudmundsson

Michel

et al. 2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nocturnal water loss (NWL) from the surface into the atmosphere is often overlooked because of the absence of solar radiation to drive evapotranspiration and the measuring difficulties involved. However, growing evidence suggests that NWL – and particularly nocturnal transpiration – represents a considerable fraction of the daily values. Here we provide a global overview of the characteristics of NWL based on latent heat flux estimates from the FLUXNET2015 dataset, as well as from simulations of global climate models. Eddy-covariance measurements at 99 sites indicate that NWL represents 6.3 % of total evapotranspiration on average. There are six sites where NWL is higher than 15 %; these sites comprise mountain forests with considerable NWL during winter that is related to snowy and windy conditions. Higher temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed, soil moisture, and downward longwave radiation are related to higher NWL, although this is not consistent across all of the sites. On the other hand, the global multi-model mean of terrestrial NWL is 7.9 % of the total evapotranspiration. The spread of the model ensemble, however, is greater than 15.8 % over half of the land grid cells. Finally, NWL is projected to increase everywhere with an average of 1.8 %, although with a substantial inter-model spread. Changes in NWL contribute substantially to projected changes in total evapotranspiration. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of water loss during the night and opens avenues to explore its influence on the water cycle and the climate system under present and future conditions.

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“…A minimum of 5 minutes and maximum of 45 minutes are assumed for the moving-average window, as well as a minimum of 0.01 mm and a maximum of 0.25 mm for the threshold values to distinguish signal from noise. A piecewise cubic Hermitian spline is used to interpolate between points of significant mass change (Peters et al, 2016), after applying an 85th percentile "snap routine" at inflection points (Peters et al, 2017). We estimate dew from hourly weight increases in the lysimeter when a co-located rain gauge does not record precipitation in that hour or the next.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Water Loss at Night: Global Relevance from Observations and Climate Models

Padrón¹,

Gudmundsson²,

Michel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Nocturnal water loss (NWL) from the surface into the atmosphere is often overlooked because of the absence of solar radiation to drive evapotranspiration and the measuring difficulties involved. However, there is growing evidence that suggests NWL – and particularly nocturnal transpiration – represents a considerable fraction of the daily values. Here we provide a global overview of the characteristics of NWL based on latent heat flux estimates from the FLUXNET2015 dataset, as well as from simulations of global climate models. Eddy-covariance measurements at 99 sites indicate that on average NWL represents 6.3 % of total evapotranspiration. There are six sites where NWL is higher than 15 %; these are mountain forests with considerable NWL during winter related to snowy and windy conditions. Higher vapor pressure deficit, wind speed and soil moisture are related to higher NWL, although this is not consistent across all sites. On the other hand, the global multi-model mean of terrestrial NWL is 7.9 % of total evapotranspiration. The spread of the model ensemble, however, is greater than 20 % over 70 % of the land area. Finally, the multi-model mean of future projections indicates an increase of NWL everywhere by an average of 1.8 %, but the spread between models at individual locations is often twice as large at least. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of water loss during the night and opens the door to explore its influence on the water cycle and the climate system under present and future conditions.

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Towards an unbiased filter routine to determine precipitation and evapotranspiration from high precision lysimeter measurements

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Quantification and Prediction of Nighttime Evapotranspiration for Two Distinct Grassland Ecosystems

Quantification and Prediction of Nighttime Evapotranspiration for Two Distinct Grassland Ecosystems

Terrestrial water loss at night: global relevance from observations and climate models

Terrestrial Water Loss at Night: Global Relevance from Observations and Climate Models

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