Towards an Understanding of the Psychology of Non-Photorealistic Rendering

Evaluating and Validating Non-photorealistic and Illustrative Rendering

“…They found that some techniques preserve the emotions better than others, but that the effect might be attributed to the amount of detail that was preserved by a given technique. It is interesting that this muting of emotion to some degree stands in contrast to the observations of Duke et al [10] and Halper et al [21,22], but this effect can probably be explained based on the different types of stylization employed by both evaluations: Mandryk et al [41] and Mould et al [44] examined image-based (i.e., mostly spacefilling) techniques in which the style's amplitude (as measured in tone or color) is reduced by the NPR technique from the original photograph due to the introduced abstraction, while Duke et al and Halper et al's analysis of emotion (social perception and judgment) was based on line drawings in which the strong emotion (fear) was caused by a high-amplitude zig-zaggy style.…”

“…This effect of stylistic imagery on people-in other words whether and how people are affected by NPR-was also examined by Duke et al [10] and Halper et al [21,22] who describe a motivation for employing NPR styles based higher-level psychological principles. For example, Halper et al [21,22] discuss the effect of figure-ground segregation as supported by NPR elements such as silhouettes and feature lines.…”

“…For example, Halper et al [21,22] discuss the effect of figure-ground segregation as supported by NPR elements such as silhouettes and feature lines. Their study looked at whether people would rather select objects from an image that were depicted with an abstracting style consisting of cartoon shading and silhouette or objects shown in a more detailed, oil-painting style.…”

“…This includes that they can encourage participation in design discussions [50], that they can assist figure-ground segregation, can carry social connotations, and can steer people's interest [10,21,22], that their style has an effect on people's emotions [41,44], that they can be used to guide people's attention [48], and that they can affect how people recognize and memorize depictions of objects [18,19,55].…”

Evaluation of Non-photorealistic 3D Urban Models for Mobile Device Navigation

“…This new field has been slowly gaining ground not only in research but also in commercial applications since the rich visual styles it can emulate are in many occasions more suitable for certain information visualization communication purposes. Examples include psychological applications ( [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]), architectural applications [6], perception of space studies [7], texture-based depiction ( [8], [9], [10]), medical applications [11], learning applications [12] and also weather / natural phenomenon visualization software [13].…”