Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review

Themelis, Thomas; Amini, Ali; Vos, Jelle De; Eeltink, Sebastiaan

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.032

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…The reader is also referred to a recent review on the spatial based separations. 64 To our knowledge, the first elaborate and powerful liquidphase comprehensive three-dimensional separation method was described by Moore and Jorgenson 12 for the separation of hen-ovalbumin-derived peptides (see Figure 5). They coupled size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) in the first and second dimensions, respectively, and implemented capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in the third dimension.…”

Section: Three-dimensional-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latest Trends on the Future of Three-Dimensional Separations in Chromatography

2021

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Separation and characterization of complex mixtures are of crucial importance in many fields, where extremely high separation power is required. Three-dimensional separation techniques can offer a path toward achieving high peak capacities. In this Review, online three-dimensional separation systems are discussed, including three-dimensional gas chromatography, and hyphenated combinations of two-dimensional gas chromatography with liquid chromatography or supercritical-fluid chromatography. Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides detailed information on complex samples and the need for higher peak capacities is pushing researchers toward online three-dimensional liquid chromatography. In this review, an overview of the various combinations are provided and we discuss and compare their potential performance, advantages, perspectives, and results obtained during the most recent 10–15 years. Finally, the Review will discuss a novel approach of spatial three-dimensional liquid separation to increase peak capacity.

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Section: Three-dimensional-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various approaches of spatial separation are described in this section. The reader is also referred to a recent review on the spatial based separations …”

Section: Three-dimensional-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Trends on the Future of Three-Dimensional Separations in Chromatography

2021

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“…The third method increased separation and increased the level of confidence for the identification of compounds. A review of spatial comprehensive 3D-LC by Themelis et al [41] describes the current state of the technology and the challenges that must be overcome.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent forensic applications of enhanced chromatographic separation methods

Young

Lurie

2021

J of Separation Science

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This study reviews the recent applications of enhanced separation methods employed in forensic analysis utilizing gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography published between 2015 to 2020, except papers previously covered in relevant review articles. Applications of enhanced chromatographic separation methods to arson investigations, environmental forensics, sexual assault investigations, drug analysis, and toxicology are discussed. Future directions for enhanced chromatographic separation methods in forensic science are also explored.

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“…19,20 One intriguing solution is the addition of a third dimension ( 3 D) to a GC×GC system, that is, comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) gas chromatography (GC 3 ), 21−30 configured by sampling the 2 D peaks by a second modulator interfaced to a 3 D column of unique selectivity. The potential benefits of GC 3 are well supported by theory, 19,31 spurring development of other comprehensive 3D platforms, such as liquid chromatography (LC)×LC × capillary electrophoresis, 32 spatial 3D-LC, 33,34 and LC×LC × ion mobility spectrometry. 35 Recent GC 3 reports have investigated the attainable peak capacity and improved selectivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Three key benefits motivate the usage of GC×GC over one-dimensional-GC (1D-GC): ∼10-fold higher peak capacity, chemical class structured separations, and increased detectability from modulation. − Despite the excellent separation performance provided by GC×GC, many samples are of such complexity that the peak capacity is often insufficient. , One intriguing solution is the addition of a third dimension ( 3 D) to a GC×GC system, that is, comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) gas chromatography (GC 3 ), − configured by sampling the 2 D peaks by a second modulator interfaced to a 3 D column of unique selectivity. The potential benefits of GC 3 are well supported by theory, , spurring development of other comprehensive 3D platforms, such as liquid chromatography (LC)×LC × capillary electrophoresis, spatial 3D-LC, , and LC×LC × ion mobility spectrometry . Recent GC 3 reports have investigated the attainable peak capacity and improved selectivity. ,,, However, the potential for GC 3 (and other 3D platforms) to provide signal enhancement ( SE ) and hence signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) enhancement vis-á-vis GC×GC and 1D-GC is relatively unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Signal-To-Noise Ratio Enhancement in Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

2021

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We investigate the extent to which comprehensive three-dimensional gas chromatography (GC3) provides a signal enhancement (SE) and a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement (S/NRel) relative to one-dimensional (1D)-GC. Specifically, the SE is defined as the ratio of the tallest 3D peak height from the GC3 separation to the 1D peak height from the unmodulated 1D-GC separation. A model is proposed which allows the analyst to predict the theoretically attainable SE (SE T) based upon the peak width and sampling density inputs. The model is validated via comparison of the SE T to the experimentally measured SE (SE M) obtained using total-transfer GC3 (100% duty cycle for both modulators) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. Two experimental conditions were studied using the same GC3 column set, differing principally in the modulation period from the 1D to 2D columns: 4 s versus 8 s. Under the first set of conditions, the average SE M was 97 (±22), in excellent agreement with the SE T of 97 (±18). The second set of conditions improved the average SE M to 181 (±27), also in agreement with the average SE T of 176 (±26). The average S/NRel following correction for the mass spectrum acquisition frequency was 38.8 (±11.2) and 59.0 (±27.2) for the two sets of conditions. The enhancement in S/N is largely attributed to moving the signal to a higher frequency domain where the impact of “low frequency” noise is less detrimental. The findings here provide strong evidence that GC3 separations can provide enhanced detectability relative to 1D-GC and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) separations.

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Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review

Cited by 17 publications

References 122 publications

Latest Trends on the Future of Three-Dimensional Separations in Chromatography

Latest Trends on the Future of Three-Dimensional Separations in Chromatography

Recent forensic applications of enhanced chromatographic separation methods

Determination of the Signal-To-Noise Ratio Enhancement in Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

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