Toxic Effect of Urea on Plants: Nitrite Toxicity arising from the Use of Urea as a Fertilizer

Court, M. N.; Stephen, R. C.; Waid, J. S.

doi:10.1038/1941263a0

Cited by 82 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This toxicity was probably due to the high concentrations of nitrite which occurred with urea in the non-irradiated soil (see Fig. 3), although there were no obvious symptoms in the tops of the plants such as th0se found by Court et al 1 in corn, and the yields with urea were similar to those with ammonium sulphate (Table 1). In the irradiated so•l, where no nitrite was detected, the small intense zone of toxicity with urea at a depth of 13 cm may have been due to high osmotic suction, for the concentration of ammonium was still surprisingly high there at 8 weeks (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Consequences of banding nitrogen fertilizers in soil

Passioura

Wetselaar

1972

Plant Soil

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Consequences of banding nitrogen fertilizers in soil

Passioura

Wetselaar

1972

Plant Soil

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“…Water movement, microbial activity, and dramatic variations in pH are likely drivers of this process. Drastic short-term fluctuations in pH (pH 9 to pH 6 in a matter of days) are associated with inorganic N fertilization (Court et al, 1962;Duisberg and Bueher, 1954), and inorganic N fertilization has increased by three times in Iowa and five times in the USA since the 1960s (Economic Research Service, 2008; United NationsFood and Agriculture Organization, 2011). Organic matter dissolves in both low and high pH (Kalbitz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Veenstra

Burras

2015

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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Despite a large body of scientific research that shows that soils change on relatively short time scales under different management regimes, classical pedological theory states that we should expect these changes to occur only in the surface few centimeters and that they are not of adequate magnitude to suggest fundamental changes in pedon character over short periods of time. In fact, rarely, do the scientists that make these comparisons report on any properties deeper than 30 to 45 cm in the soil profile. With this study, we evaluate soil transformation to a depth of 150 cm after 50 yr of intensive row-crop agricultural land use in a temperate, humid, continental climate (Iowa, United States), by resampling sites that were initially described by the United States soil survey between 1943 and 1963. We find that, through agricultural land use, humans are accelerating soil formation and transformation to a depth of 100 cm or more by accelerating erosion, sedimentation, acidification, and mineral weathering, and degrading soil structure, while deepening dark-colored, organic-matter rich surface horizons, translocating and accumulating organic matter deeper in the soil profile and lowering the water table. Some of these changes can be considered positive improvements, but many of these changes may have negative effects on the soils' future productive capacity.Abbreviations: SOC, soil organic carbon.

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“…Soils contain NO 2 ÿ , with the concentration in the soil solution depending on the extent and frequency of nitrogen addition (e.g., fertilization) and the activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrite concentrations can be greater than several hundred micromolar (Court et al, 1962;Stevens et al, 1998), though values of 10 to 50 mM are more common in agricultural soils (Binnerup and Sorensen, 1992;Stevens et al, 1998). Nitrite (100 mM) was added to medium in which ABA-treated (A) or GAtreated (B) aleurone layers had been incubated for 24 h or to medium containing added catechin (340 mM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic Synthesis of Nitric Oxide by Plant Tissues

2004

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in animals and plants. In mammals, NO is produced from Arg by the enzyme NO synthase. In plants, NO synthesis from Arg using an NO synthase-type enzyme and from nitrite using nitrate reductase has been demonstrated previously. The data presented in this report strongly support the hypothesis that plant tissues also synthesize NO via the nonenzymatic reduction of apoplastic nitrite. As measured by mass spectrometry or an NO-reactive fluorescent probe, Hordeum vulgare (barley) aleurone layers produce NO rapidly when nitrite is added to the medium in which they are incubated. NO production requires an acid apoplast and is accompanied by a loss of nitrite from the medium. Phenolic compounds in the medium can increase the rate of NO production. The possible significance of apoplastic NO production for germinating grain and for plant roots is discussed.

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Toxic Effect of Urea on Plants: Nitrite Toxicity arising from the Use of Urea as a Fertilizer

Cited by 82 publications

References 2 publications

Consequences of banding nitrogen fertilizers in soil

Consequences of banding nitrogen fertilizers in soil

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Apoplastic Synthesis of Nitric Oxide by Plant Tissues

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