Toxicities of ammonia and nitrite to Penaeus monodon adolescents

Chen, Jiann-Chu; Liu, Ping-Chung; Lei, Shun‐Chiang

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90305-7

Cited by 106 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The temperature and salinity which are important parameters (Chen et al, 1990, Hariati et al, 1996, did not vary significantly in the treatments in the present study. The TAN level was observed to be higher in the control tanks as compared to the treatment tanks.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

et al. 2017

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The concept of "biofloc technology" is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system with molasses as carbohydrate (CHO) source were compared with the conventional autotrophic system. The immunomodulation and cumulative percentage mortality upon challenge with pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were assessed in the reared animals. We have successfully demonstrated the BPT based nursery and growout systems for P. vannamei with the advantage of providing significantly (p<0.05) better growth (27.6% improvement in average body weight, ABW) and feed utilisation (31% improvement in feed conversion ratio, FCR). A production level of 4-4.5 kg m -3 of water was achieved through this BPT system registering a significant improvement over the conventional system (p<0.05). The cumulative percentage mortality following pathogen challenge was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the biofloc grown shrimps compared to that of the control group, thus showing better resistance to pathogenic challenge. Furthermore, the biofloc reared shrimp did exhibit significant improvement in non-specific immune response in terms of serum phenoloxidase activity and total haemocyte counts possibly suggesting potential immunostimulatory role of the biofloc associated heterotrophic bacteria. This eco-based technology as revealed through our studies brings substantial improvement in productivity, minimising water requirement, recycling in situ nutrients and organic matter in turn improving farm biosecurity, augmentation of natural food, improvement of FCR and better health of the cultured shrimp.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

et al. 2017

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“…Ammonia test solutions consisting of concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg 1-I ammonia-N were prepared with 30, 20 and 10%0 according to the procedure reported previously (Chen & Nan 1992). The concentrations of ammonia-N are sublethal, based on a short-term toxicity test which showed no mortality of Penaeus monodon (4.87 k 1.40 g) exposed to 40 mg 1-' ammonia-N in 20Yi after 24 h (Chen et al 1990). …”

Section: Penaeus Monodon Obtained From a Shrimp Farm Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen excretion and changes of hemocyanin, protein and free amino acid levels in the hemolymph of Penaeus monodon exposed to different concentrations of ambient ammonia-N at different salinity levels

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Cheng³

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT. Penaeus monodon (22.064 * 2.263 g) were exposed individually at 10, 20 and 30% salinity to 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg 1-' ammonia-N for 24 h. Changes in hemocyanin, protein and free amino acid levels, and whole shrimp ammonia-N excretion, urea-N excretion and dissolved organic N (DON) excretion were determined. Ammonia-N excretion decreased with increased salinity and with increased ambient ammonia-N. Ammonia-N accounted for 56.87. 70.43 and 78.13 % of total nitrogen excreted by P. monodon in 30, 20 and 10% respectively. DON increased to 67.26, 78.79 and 86.1% of total nitrogen excreted by the shrimp exposed to 20 mg 1-' ammonia-N in 30, 20 and 10°A, respectively. Net ammonia-N uptake occurred as shrimp were exposed to ambient ammonia-N greater than 5 mg 1-I at all salinity levels tested. Hemocyanin and protein levels decreased, whereas hemolyrnph ammonia, urea, total free amino acid levels and taurine level increased, with increased ambient ammonia-N. Following exposure to ambient ammonia-N, P. rnonodon changed its excretory pattern, accumulation of hemolymph ammonia, and catabolism of hemocyanin and protein to balance osmoregulation.

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“…Elevated amounts of environmental ammonia have been reported to affect growth and moulting of crustaceans [10]. Though lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia on metabolism and osmoregulation of shrimps have been well studied [11,12], recently the focus has been towards understanding the effect of ammonia on their immune system [3,13,14]. A decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration can also hinder the metabolic performance, growth, and moulting [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of environmental parameters on immune response of the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Verghese

Radhakrishnan

Padhi

2007

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Toxicities of ammonia and nitrite to Penaeus monodon adolescents

Cited by 106 publications

References 14 publications

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

Nitrogen excretion and changes of hemocyanin, protein and free amino acid levels in the hemolymph of Penaeus monodon exposed to different concentrations of ambient ammonia-N at different salinity levels

Effect of environmental parameters on immune response of the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)

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