Toxicity and Mechanisms of Action of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in Red Algae (<i>Gracilaria corticata</i>) from the Northern Coast of the Oman Sea

Sinaei, Mahmood; Loghmani, Mehran

doi:10.1002/etc.4507

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This is consistent with the fact that, in higher plants, photosynthesis, in addition to chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein biosynthesis, and gluconeogenesis, are downregulated at the gene level by toxic PAH exposure (Weisman et al 2010), which probably affects more growththan reproduction-related traits. This is also consistent with the fact that, in photosynthetic organisms, PAHs induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, causing a major metabolic shift from anabolism to catabolism (e.g., Weisman et al 2010;Sinaei and Loghmani 2019). An alternative explanation could be that higher plants and algae have evolved complex metabolic mechanisms allowing them to actively regulate copper homeostasis, such as specific Cu cellular membrane transporters, metallochaperones, and P1B-type ATPases (Blaby-Haas et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Assessment of the independent and combined effects of copper and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on gametogenesis and sporophyte development of the kelp Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta)

et al. 2021

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Coastal shores near the industrial park of Quintero Bay in central Chile exhibit increasing concentrations of copper (Cu) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), well above international standards. This raises concern about their combined toxic effects on early development stages of kelps. Accordingly, we aimed to assess more accurately the independent and combined effects of Cu and PAHs on gametogenesis and sporophyte development in the kelp Lessonia spicata from central Chile by in vitro cultivation. Independent Cu and PAH trials were performed using increasing nominal concentrations of Cu and PAHs in the ranges 0.8–200 µg L−1 and 0.05–100 µg L−1, respectively. Cu and PAH median effective concentrations (EC50) on gametogenesis and early sporophyte formation were calculated using DRC in the R environment. Then, combined EC50 Cu + PAH trials were conducted to determine their effects on gametogenesis and sporophyte formation. Cu EC50 values on gametogenesis and sporophyte formation were up to three orders of magnitude lower than EC50 reported previously on spore germination in kelps. The gametogenesis (EC50 = 1.39 µg L−1) was more sensitive to Cu than sporophyte formation (EC50 = 11 µg L−1). Inversely, sporophyte formation (EC50 = 0.04 µg L−1) was more sensitive to PAHs (EC50 = 0.11 µg L−1). Considering the entire exposure period, the combined EC50 Cu + PAH exposure was the most harmful and rapid for L. spicata microscopic stages, especially the synergistic effect on early sporophytes. This highlights the need to acquire an integrated knowledge of the seasonal variation of pollutants and their combination on highly intervened coasts.

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