Toxicity and microcystin content of extracts from a Planktothrix bloom and two laboratory strains

Keil, Claudia; Forchert, Ayako; Fastner, Jutta; Szewzyk, Ulrich; Rotard, W.; Chorus, Ingrid; Krätke, R.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00417-1

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…24 Several solvents have been used for MCYST extractions and a consensus has yet to be reached on which is the most appropriate. Since MCYSTs are soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but are insoluble in acetone, ether, chloroform and benzene, 10 we chose eight different treatments to extract MCYST using methanol, acetic acid or water as the solvent in combination with either sonic disruption or microwave boiling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatotoxin microcystin-LR extraction optimization

Silva-Stenico¹,

Neto²,

Alves³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vários gêneros de cianobactérias produzem metabólitos secundários tóxicos, entre eles as hepatotoxinas microcistinas. A análise de microcistinas em águas para abastecimento humano é uma exigência do Ministério da Saúde (Portaria 518/2004), mas essa portaria ainda não estabelece o método de extração e análise a serem usados e a quantificação da toxina é comumente realizada por ELISA ("enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay") ou HPLC (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência), cuja eficiência depende do método de extração utilizado. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método simples, rápido e barato de extração para o isolamento e identificação de microcistinas. Para isso, selecionou-se a linhagem Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ-4 descrita como produtora de microcistina-LR. Oito diferentes tratamentos foram testados para determinar a melhor extração da toxina. As amostras foram analisadas por LC-MS (cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas), ELISA e Q-TOF ("quadrupole time-of-flight"). Os resultados mostraram que a melhor extração foi a que usou sonicação das amostras diluídas em água. O método proposto permite o processamento rápido das amostras e estabelece um método de extração para análise e identificação de microcistina-LR e outras variantes.Several cyanobacterial genera produce toxic secondary metabolites, the most well-known of which are the hepatotoxic microcystins (MCYSTs). Microcystin analyses in drinking water are a requirement of the Health Ministry (Regulation 518/2004) in Brazil, but this regulation does not establish which extraction and analytical method should be used; toxin quantification is usually carried out by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), the efficiency of which depends on the extraction method used. In this work a simple, fast and cheap method of extraction was developed for the isolation and identification of MCYSTs. For this, the strain Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ-4, reported to be a MCYST-LR producer, was selected. Eight different treatments were tested to determine the best MCYST extraction. Samples were applied in LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), ELISA and Q-TOF (quadrupole time-of-flight). The most efficient extraction was achieved by sonicating samples diluted in water. The proposed method permits rapid sample processing, and establishes an extraction method for both the analysis and identification of MCYST-LR and other variants.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatotoxin microcystin-LR extraction optimization

Silva-Stenico¹,

Neto²,

Alves³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Negative effects of a MC-free cyanobacteria, Aphanizomenon flexuosum, on egg production in D. galeata were also found; although this effect might be due to the nutritional quality of the cyanobacteria (Kurmayer, 2001). Finally, negative effects of a MC-free strain of Planktothrix agardhii were observed on Thamnocephalus platyurus (Keil et al, 2002). All these results suggest strongly that other unidentified secondary metabolites may affect grazers' different life-history traits and at different stage of their lives, and consequently their population dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These compounds are predominantly produced during the plateau phase of P. agardhii PMC 87.02 growth and seem to be actively excreted in the medium. The effects of unknown toxins (or new to science) have been described with P. agardhii (Keil et al, 2002), M. aeruginosa UWOCC CBS (Rohrlack, et al, 2004), M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 (Jungmann, 1992;Lu¨rling, 2003b) and A. flexuosum (Kurmayer, 2001), and are most probably widespread. Further investigations on the metabolite composition of the extracellular medium are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free strains ofPlanktothrix agardhiion long-term population dynamics ofDaphnia magna

Hulot

Carmignac²,

Legendre³

et al. 2012

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The effects of cyanobacterial toxins on herbivorous zooplankton depend on cyanobacterial strains, zooplankton species and environmental conditions. To explore the relationship between zooplankton and cyanobacteria, we investigated the effects of Planktothrix agardhii extracts on Daphnia magna population dynamics. We designed an experiment where individuals were grown in the presence of extracts of two P. agardhii strains. We monitored daily life-history parameters of D. magna individuals subjected to microcystin-RR (MC-RR), intracellular and extracellular extracts of a microcystin-producing strain (MC-strain, PMC 75.02) and a microcystin-free strain (MC-free strain, PMC 87.02) of P. agardhii. Measured life-history parameters of D. magna were used to build population dynamics models and compute expected population growth rate, replacement rate, generation time and proportion of adult and juveniles at demographic equilibrium. Results show that MC-RR tends to slow the life history (reduced growth rate and larger proportion of adults). In contrast, intracellular extracts of the two strains tend to accelerate the life history (increased growth rate, decreased generation time and lower proportion of adults). Extracellular extracts produce the same trends as the intracellular extracts but to a lesser extent. However, the MC-strain has stronger effects than the MC-free strain. Interestingly, extracellular extracts of the MC-free strain may have effects comparable to pure MC-RR. Moreover, in the presence of MC-RR and both cyanobacterial extracts, the daily fecundities present a cyclic pattern. These results suggest that MC-RR and unknown metabolites of cyanobacterial extracts have negative effects on D. magna reproduction processes such as those observed with endocrine-disruptive molecules.

show abstract

“…The first report of toxicity induced by cyanobacterial metabolites was published in the late nineteenth century (Francis, 1878) but only in 1950 was lethality induced by cyanotoxins demonstrated in the laboratory (Carmichael, 1994 (Pearson et al, 2010). Some authors consider yet another group of cyanotoxins, the cytotoxins, which are not highly lethal to animals but exhibit more selective bioactivity (Keil et al, 2002;Welker & Von Do¨hren, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria of European brackish waters: a perspective on estuaries and brackish seas

Lopes

Vasconcelos

2011

European Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and ecosystems throughout the world. Marine and freshwater cyanobacteria have been extensively studied due to the toxic hazards that some of them create and biotechnological interest. In contrast, the cyanobacteria of brackish waters have been less studied despite being able to form toxic blooms like their freshwater and marine counterparts. We review the occurrence, diversity and toxicity of cyanobacteria species in the brackish waters of Europe, mainly estuaries and brackish environments of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. The dominant cyanobacteria belong mainly to the planktonic genera Nodularia, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Anabaena, but also the benthic forms of Anabaena and Phormidium. Most genera from brackish waters are reported to be hepatotoxin producers (microcystin and nodularin). However, anatoxin-a and other bioactive compounds (e.g. apoptogens) can also be found and are produced exclusively by benthic forms. Nodularin is the best-characterized brackish-water cyanotoxin, being primarily produced by N. spumigena. Data are presented on cyanotoxin production, accumulation, and potential food chain transfer, with a particular focus on nodularin, which induces multiple effects on food-chain dynamics. Microcystins and anatoxin-a are also considered. Potential risks to animals and humans from cyanotoxin exposure are discussed, although reports of animal poisoning by brackish-water toxic cyanobacteria are scarce and no cases of human intoxication are yet known.

show abstract

Toxicity and microcystin content of extracts from a Planktothrix bloom and two laboratory strains

Cited by 63 publications

References 15 publications

Hepatotoxin microcystin-LR extraction optimization

Hepatotoxin microcystin-LR extraction optimization

Effects of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free strains ofPlanktothrix agardhiion long-term population dynamics ofDaphnia magna

Planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria of European brackish waters: a perspective on estuaries and brackish seas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About