Toxicity assessment of size-fractionated urban road dust using ostracod Heterocypris incongruens direct contact test

History and sensitivity comparison of two standard whole-sediment toxicity tests with crustaceans: the amphipodHyalella aztecaand the ostracodHeterocypris incongruensmicrobiotest

“…Since the commercial availability of the Ostracodtoxkit, a substantial number of studies were carried out with the standard ostracod toxicity test in different laboratories of several countries, on a variety of sediments. Findings of several of these studies have been published in the scientific literature (Latif and Licek, 2004;Dirven-van Breemen et al, 2006;Drobniewska et al, 2007;Mankiewicz-Boczek et al, 2008;Watanabe et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;García-Lorenzo et al, 2009;Coccia et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2011;Kudlak et al, 2011;Nalecz-Jawecki et al, 2011;Steliga, 2011;Sheahan and Fisher, 2012;Huerta Buitrago et al, 2013;Watanabe et al, 2013;Ruiz et al, 2013;Khanal et al, 2014;Sevilla et al, 2014;Palma et al, 2014). Titles, abstracts, and posters of other studies presented at international symposia on ecotoxicology can be found on the website www.microbiotests.be (Nalecz-Jawecki et al, 2009;Gonçalves et al, 2012).…”

Characterization of toxicants in urban road dust by Toxicity Identification Evaluation using ostracod Heterocypris incongruens direct contact test

“…The details of sample collection and characteristics are described in our previous publication (Khanal et al, 2014). Briefly, the URDs were collected by vacuum cleaner (HITACHI CV 100S6) from an arterial road, and from highway by highway sweeping vehicles (regenerative air sweeper).…”

“…The samples were sieved through 2 mm nylon mesh, dried and taken for the ostracod toxicity test. The baseline tests performed in dilution series for the determination of LC50 of road dust samples is reported in our earlier study (Khanal et al, 2014). Three of the most toxic samples (St. 3, 7 and 8) were taken for the characterization of toxicants by TIE procedure.…”

“…There were even cases when the concentration of heavy metals was less than the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) for a given metal but the road dust sample was toxic. The reverse case, where concentrations higher than the LC50 were found to be non-toxic, was also observed (Khanal et al, 2014;Watanabe et al, 2011Watanabe et al, , 2013. Organic compounds are of special interest in URD toxicity assessment studies because of the presence of polar and non-polar compounds and their possible complexation with heavy metals, thus altering overall toxicity of the URD.…”

“…Ostracod toxicity test has been used for the toxicological characterization of several solid samples such as URD (Watanabe et al, 2011(Watanabe et al, , 2013, soil (Chial and Persoone, 2003), and sediment (Chial and Persoone, 2002). Ostracod and TIE procedure have been used previously in our research group for the toxicity assessment of URD (Khanal et al, 2014;Watanabe et al, 2011Watanabe et al, , 2013. Watanabe et al (2013) based on TIE studies observed that both the hydrophobic adsorbents as well as the cation exchange resin removed hydrophobic organic compounds.…”