Toxicity of Bisphenol a on Humans: A Review

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The present review focused on different mechanisms of BPA on human health in enzymatic, androgenic, neurological, liver and reproductive systems. The review explained the influence of BPA on different stages of human life likely in foetal stage, children and adults stages. The review also concentrated on how to handle BPA, treatment, preventive measures against BPA exposure

Catalytic disconnection of C–O bonds in epoxy resins and composites

“…1a ). The potential leakage of BPA into the environment, and the ecological and human health risks associated with such events 28 , 29 , have led to the investigation of potential substitutes 26 . However, with several million metrics tons of BPA-based materials in circulation to date, recovery of these materials and extraction of BPA in a controlled manner are highly desirable and serve to avoid potential leakages from landfilling sites.…”

Bisphenol A in dairy products, amount, potential risks, and the various analytical methods, a systematic review

“…Adenopectin increases insulin sensitivity. Therefore, when it is suppressed, we will see an increase in insulin resistance ( Preethi et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, bisphenol A decreases aromatase enzyme and decreases testosterone synthesis ( Preethi et al, 2014 ).…”

“…Therefore, when it is suppressed, we will see an increase in insulin resistance ( Preethi et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, bisphenol A decreases aromatase enzyme and decreases testosterone synthesis ( Preethi et al, 2014 ). This combination also leads to obesity, diabetes and infertility in men ( Liu, Li, Sun, Yang, Zheng, & Wang, 2019 ).…”

Enhanced Degradation of Bisphenol A via Ultrasound, Assisted by Chemical Treatment

“…BPA has the potential to disturb wildlife health and human health [3][4][5][6]. It can influence enzymatic, androgenic, neurological, liver, and reproductive systems at different stages of human life, such as in foetal, child and adult stages [7,8]. Affecting the reproductive system (in both women and men), BPA can cause various health problems such as infertility, abortions, polycystic ovaries, endometrial hyperplasia, etc.…”

“…The presence of HCO 3 − and humic acid (HA) prevented BPA degradation, while Cl − showed a minor influence. Investigating the effect of operating parameters on BPA degradation efficiency, it was found [7] that degradation was stimulated by increasing ultrasound power (38.87-97.17 W), temperature (30-70 • C), and an initial peroxydisulfate (PDS) concentration of 1.71-17.11 mM. Determining the significance of these operational parameters in BPA degradation, their importance was estimated in the following order: temperature-46.83%, initial PDS concentration-40.54%, and ultrasound power-12.63%.…”