Toxicity of materials used in the manufacture of lithium batteries

Abstract

The growing interest in battery systems has led to major advances in high-energy and/or highpower-density lithium batteries. Potential applications for lithium batteries include radio transceivers, portable electronic instrumentation, emergency locator transmitters, night vision devices, human implantable devices, as well as uses in the aerospace and defense programs. With this new technology comes the use of new solvent and electrolyte systems in the research, development, and production of lithium batteries. The goal is to enhance lithium battery technology with the use of non-hazardous materials. Therefore, the toxicity and health hazards associated with exposure to the solvents and electrolytes used in current lithium battery research and development is evaluated and described.

Surface analysis of cobalt-enriched crushed products of spent lithium-ion batteries by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

“…Archuleta [31] has clearly reported the toxicity of materials used in the manufacture of LiBs. Crushing process makes all the materials exposed, and complex physicochemical changes take place in some active materials.…”

Studying the potential release of carbon nanotubes throughout the application life cycle

“…1). Several of the substances used are moderately toxic [56] and environmentally problematic (e.g. V 2 O 5 or LiCoO 2 ).…”

Solvate Ionic Liquids for Li, Na, K, and Mg Batteries

“…Novel Na salts, which have attractive properties such as high dissociativity and excellent electrochemical stabilities, have been recently reported ,. The toxicity of glyme solvents, today G2 and G4 classified as reprotoxic, are also problematic for practical applications ,. The use of different ligands seems effective in improving both the stability and safety of electrolytes .…”