Toxicological assessment of a particulate yeast (1,3/1,6)-β-d-glucan in rats

Babíček, K.; Cechová, I; Simon, Ryan; Harwood, Melody; Cox, Don J.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.03.013

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The two lowest doses do not surpass the level generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA (200 mg/serving; GRAS GRN 239; www.FDA.gov, accessed 27 October 2010). Furthermore, these levels are within the range that has been shown to result in no observed adverse effects in toxicological testing (2 to 100 mg/kg BW/day) (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…(1,3/1,6)-␤-D-Glucan (Wellmune WGP, herein referred to as WGP) was obtained from Biothera, Inc. (Eagan, MN). This compound was extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a process that produces a whole glucan particle in which the outer surface of mannoprotein and inner cellular contents are removed (2). WGP existed as a particulate suspension in the bovine milk-based formulas used herein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal and Systemic Immune Development and Response to Vaccination Are Unaffected by Dietary (1,3/1,6)-β- d -Glucan Supplementation in Neonatal Piglets

Hester

Comstock

Thorum

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Infants are susceptible to infections in early life and must rely on their innate immune system for protection. ␤-Glucans potentiate immune responses. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of purified yeast (1,3/1,6)-␤-D-glucan (Wellmune WGP, here referred to as WGP) on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal and systemic immune systems in neonatal piglets. Piglets were fed formula containing 0 (control), 1.8, 18, or 90 mg WGP/kg body weight (BW) and were vaccinated against human influenza. Piglets were euthanized at 7 or 21 days of age. Piglet weight and small intestinal length and weight were unaffected by dietary WGP. In addition, WGP did not affect ileal crypt depth, villus height, or ascending colon cuff depth. Immune parameters not affected by WGP supplementation included T cell phenotypes, cytokine gene expression, and cell proliferation. However, vaccination and developmental effects were seen. Overall, the doses of 1.8, 18, and 90 mg/kg BW of dietary WGP had no effect on intestinal or immune development and did not improve the antibody response to vaccination in neonatal piglets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal and Systemic Immune Development and Response to Vaccination Are Unaffected by Dietary (1,3/1,6)-β- d -Glucan Supplementation in Neonatal Piglets

Hester

Comstock

Thorum

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…We evaluated two yeast-derived glucans -insoluble WGP and insoluble Betamune. Both these glucans and their activities are well documented (Yan et al, 2003(Yan et al, , 2005, including full toxicological assessment (Babicek et al, 2007), and are considered to be highly active glucans (Vetvicka et al, 2008). As the effectiveness of orally-administered glucans was fully established (Hong et al 2004;Li et al, 2006), glucans are currently nearing use in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to yeast-derived glucans, less information is available and the results are often conflicting (Nicolosi et al, 1999;Babicek et al, 2007). To overcome the deficiencies of older studies, we decided to use two highly-characterized yeast-derived glucans (Hong et al, 2004;Vetvicka and Vetvickova, 2007;Vetvicka et al, 2008) on normal and hypercholesterolemic mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of yeast-derived β-glucans on blood cholesterol and macrophage functionality

Větvička

Větvičková

2009

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Despite the fact that most reports found no significant side effects connected with glucan treatment (for review see 3 ), including long-term use 23 . One potential question remains -are there lethal side effects when glucan is combined with indomethacin?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Β-Glucan-Indomethacin COMBINATION PRODUCES NO LETHAL EFFECTS

Větvička¹,

Větvičková²

2009

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background:The most important quality of β-glucans and the reason why so much attention has been devoted to them are their physiological effects. They are typical biological response modifiers with pronounced immunomodulating activity. However, some questions about possible side effects remain.Aim: Several papers reported the lethal side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in glucan-treated mice, probably due to the peritonitis by enteric bacteria. However, these results were never independently confirmed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these claims using several different types of glucans.Methods: Effects of combined treatment with four different types of glucans and indomethacin were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of HEMA particles by peripheral blood leukocytes and production of IL-6 in mouse serum. In addition, the level of blood glucose, colon length and survival after 30 days of treatment was measured.Results: Our finding showed that simultaneous treatment with glucan and indomethacin caused a small decrease of phagocytic activity and IL-2 production. Two other tested parameters-blood glucose levels and colon length-that had been found to be significantly affected by this treatment, were virtually unchanged. In the final, yet most important part of the study, we found absolutely no mortality, regardless of the type of glucan or the routes of glucan administration. Conclusion:No adverse negative effects due to simultaneous treatment with glucan and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dose was found, despite testing two different routes of glucan administration and four different types of glucan.

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Toxicological assessment of a particulate yeast (1,3/1,6)-β-d-glucan in rats

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Intestinal and Systemic Immune Development and Response to Vaccination Are Unaffected by Dietary (1,3/1,6)-β- d -Glucan Supplementation in Neonatal Piglets

Intestinal and Systemic Immune Development and Response to Vaccination Are Unaffected by Dietary (1,3/1,6)-β- d -Glucan Supplementation in Neonatal Piglets

Effects of yeast-derived β-glucans on blood cholesterol and macrophage functionality

Β-Glucan-Indomethacin COMBINATION PRODUCES NO LETHAL EFFECTS

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