Toxicological risk assessment and prioritization of drinking water relevant contaminants of emerging concern

Baken, Kirsten; Sjerps, R.M.A.; Schriks, Merijn; Wezel, Annemarie P. van

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.006

Cited by 122 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Risks of chemicals for human health or the environment depend on the hazardous properties of the concerned chemicals and the margin between safe exposure levels and the realistic exposure that is occurring [47]. Exposure levels can be monitored, but in a risk management scheme exposure levels may also be predicted to some degree based on (expected) levels in wastewater, treatment efficiency, distribution and degradation in water, soil and air, and absorbance in plants [32,48].…”

Section: Health and Safety Including Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk-based monitoring programs can be designed based on knowledge of the chemical composition of the wastewater and effluent, vulnerability of receiving groundwater and potential exposure routes. It is expected that a risk-based monitoring workflow for water reuse for irrigation can be based on the available technologies currently in use for drinking water purposes [47,54]. These can be complemented with bioanalytical tools that give information on the integrated effect of mixtures of chemicals related to a specific health effect [55,56].…”

Section: Health and Safety Including Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring or modelling site-specific exposure of humans, cattle, and the environment to compare to safe concentration is extensive and complex. Alternatively, national or river-basin specific risk assessments can, to some extent, be based on national concentrations of hazards in urban wastewater, efficacy of treatment processes and public health and environmental water quality standards [47,48,59]. This can be used to define a manageable set of indicator chemicals from different classes of use and with different physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Feasibility Of the Proposed Regulation For A Specific Water mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits

Dingemans

Smeets

Medema

et al. 2020

Water

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Freshwater is a precious resource, and shortages can lead to water stress, impacting agriculture, industry, and other sectors. Wastewater reuse is increasingly considered as an opportunity to meet the freshwater demand. Legislative frameworks are under development to support the responsible reuse of wastewater, i.e., to balance benefits and risks. In an evaluation of the proposed European regulation for water reuse, we concluded that the proposed regulation is not practically feasible, as the water provider alone is responsible for the risk assessment and management, even beyond their span of control. The required knowledge and resources are extensive. Therefore, without clear guidance for implementation, the regulation would hinder implementation of reuse programs. As a consequence, the current practice of uncontrolled, unintentional, and indirect reuse continues, including related risks and inefficiency. Therefore, we provide an outline of the interdisciplinary approach required to design and achieve safe, responsible water reuse. Responsible water reuse requires knowledge of water demand and availability, quality and health, technology, and governance for the various types of application. Through this paper we want to provide a starting point for an interdisciplinary agenda to compile and generate knowledge (databases), approaches, guidelines, case examples, codes of practice, and legislation to help bring responsible water reuse into practice.

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Section: Health and Safety Including Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health and Safety Including Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feasibility Of the Proposed Regulation For A Specific Water mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits

Dingemans

Smeets

Medema

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Thus, watch-lists are being issued as guidance to address this issue and prevent human health impacts [10]. Groundwater quality management needs to be acquainted with the main factors that govern the entrance and migration of CECs into the aquifer, so exposure to pollution hazard-given by the pollutant concentration at any point and time [11,12]-can be inferred. To date, few comprehensive regional scale studies of CEC occurrence have investigated the causes of their distribution in groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Influence of Environmental Factors on Groundwater Antibiotic Occurrence by Means of Variation Partitioning

Menció

Mas‐Pla

2019

Water

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The spatial distribution of antibiotics in alluvial aquifers presents a large variability caused by the joint action of several factors including hydrology, land use, and groundwater properties. In this study, the influences of these factors on the spatial variability of antibiotics is evaluated based on an extensive database of 47 wells located in the Baix Fluvià alluvial aquifer (NE Catalonia). Statistical methods such as redundancy and variation partitioning (VP) analyses, which are not commonly used in hydrogeological studies, are herein tested and used to estimate the effects of environmental factors on the observed antibiotic occurrence. Using VP, the total explained variation of the antibiotic distribution only reaches 18% of the total variability, meaning that the whole set of explanatory parameters is insufficient or inadequate to describe the occurrence of antibiotics and their concentration. The results point out that groundwater properties are the most representative parameters, while those related to antibiotic sources and aquifer susceptibility have lower influences. Omitting solute transport parameters that actually govern antibiotic fate (i.e., sorption coefficients and degradation rates) from the statistical analysis limited the success of the VP results. VP thus highlights the importance of researching antibiotic transport in groundwater by determining the reactive properties of these pollutants above other hydrogeochemical variables. We conclude that the present capacity to predict antibiotic existence at a specific location—for instance, a supply well—based on field data is still poor and unrepresentative, being an impediment for groundwater pollution management.

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“…It is increasingly recognized that targeted chemical monitoring cannot account for the presence of unknown chemicals in aquatic environments, e.g., new, emerging chemicals or transformation products (Brack et al ; Maruya et al ). For risk assessment, concentrations in water are related to (provisional) guideline values included in national and international water quality legislation (Baken et al ). When derived for health safety purposes, such guideline values are often based on the acceptable daily intake of a chemical, which is usually derived by regulatory agencies from exposure levels resulting in adverse effects in experimental animal toxicity studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk‐based approach in the revised European Union drinking water legislation: Opportunities for bioanalytical tools

Dingemans

Baken

Oost³

et al. 2018

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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A plethora of in vitro bioassays are developed in the context of chemical risk assessment and clinical diagnostics to test effects on different biological processes. Such assays can also be implemented in effect-based monitoring (EBM) of (drinking) water quality alongside chemical analyses. Effects-based monitoring can provide insight into risks for the environment and human health associated with exposure to (unknown) complex, low-level mixtures of micropollutants, which fits in the risk-based approach that was recently introduced in the European Drinking Water Directive. Some challenges remain, in particular those related to selection and interpretation of bioassays. For water quality assessment, carcinogenesis, adverse effects on reproduction and development, effects on xenobiotic metabolism, modulation of hormone systems, DNA reactivity, and adaptive stress responses are considered the most relevant toxicological endpoints. An evaluation procedure of the applicability and performance of in vitro bioassays for water quality monitoring, based on existing information, has been developed, which can be expanded with guidelines for experimental evaluations. In addition, a methodology for the interpretation of in vitro monitoring data is required, because the sensitivity of specific in vitro bioassays in combination with sample concentration may lead to responses of chemicals (far) below exposure concentrations that are relevant for human health effects. Different approaches are proposed to derive effect-based trigger values (EBTs), including EBTs based on (1) relative ecotoxicity potency, (2) health-based threshold values for chronic exposure in humans and kinetics of reference chemicals, and (3) read-across from (drinking) water guideline values. Effects-based trigger values need to be chosen carefully in order to be sufficiently but not overly conservative to indicate potential health effects. Consensus on the crucial steps in the selection and interpretation of in vitro bioassay data will facilitate implementation and legal embedding in the context of water quality monitoring of such assays in EBM strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;00:000-000. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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Toxicological risk assessment and prioritization of drinking water relevant contaminants of emerging concern

Cited by 122 publications

References 31 publications

Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits

Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits

Assessing the Influence of Environmental Factors on Groundwater Antibiotic Occurrence by Means of Variation Partitioning

Risk‐based approach in the revised European Union drinking water legislation: Opportunities for bioanalytical tools

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