Toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms - toxicity and risks

Bláha, Luděk; Babica, Pavel; Maršálek, Blahoslav

doi:10.2478/v10102-009-0006-2

Cited by 255 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Cyanotoxins detected and correspondent taxa from which have been isolated, as well as their primary target in mammals. Based on the information from Chorus et al, 2000;Charmichael, 2001;Codd et al, 2005;Stewart et al, 2006;van Apeldoom et al, 2007;Bláha et al, 2009;Valério et al, 2010;Mihali et al, 2009. * -the dose needed to kill 50% of exposed animals.…”

Section: Why the Surveillance On Cyanobacteria?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins, the Particularities and Challenges of Planktothrix spp. Monitoring

Churro¹,

Dias²,

Valério³

2012

Novel Approaches and Their Applications in Risk Assessment

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Section: Why the Surveillance On Cyanobacteria?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins, the Particularities and Challenges of Planktothrix spp. Monitoring

Churro¹,

Dias²,

Valério³

2012

Novel Approaches and Their Applications in Risk Assessment

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) set a provisional guideline limit of 1 µg L -1 of MC-LR in drinking water (WHO, 1998). Negative health outcomes resulting from drinking of water contaminated with cyanobacteria or cyanotoxins have been reported worldwide (Bláha et al, 2009;Van Apeldoorn et al, 2007;Wood, 2016). The only documented case of cyanobacteria-associated poisoning in Africa has been reported from Harare, Zimbabwe, where annual outbreaks of gastroenteritis among infants occurred after development of cyanobacteria blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa (KüTZ-ING) KüTZING and Dolichospermum flos-aquae (BRESSON EX BORNET & FLAUHAULT) in Lake Chievero (Zilberg, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MCs are highly toxic for mammals with acute LD 50 as low as 50-60 µg kg -1 , mouse, i.p. (Bláha et al, 2009;Van Apeldoorn et al, 2007). Their acute effetcs are primarily manifested in liver but MCs have been shown to induce gastrointestinal and renal damage or neurological symptoms as well (Manganelli et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria and microcystin contamination in untreated and treated drinking water in Ghana

Addico¹,

Hardege²,

Kohoutek³

et al. 2017

Adv Ocean Limnol

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Although cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins represent a worldwide-occurring phenomenon, there are large differences among different countries in cyanotoxin-related human health risk assessment, management practices and policies. While national standards, guideline values and detailed regulatory frameworks for effective management of cyanotoxin risks have been implemented in many industrialized countries, the extent of cyanobacteria occurrence and cyanotoxin contamination in certain geographical regions is underreported and not very well understood. Such regions include major parts of tropical West and Central Africa, a region constisting of more than 25 countries occupying an area of 12 million km 2 , with a total population of 500 milion people. Only few studies focusing on cyanotoxin occurrence in this region have been published so far, and reports dealing specifically with cyanotoxin contamination in drinking water are extremely scarce. In this study, we report seasonal data on cyanobacteria and microcystin (MC) contamination in drinking water reservoirs and adjacent treatment plants located in Ghana, West Africa. During January-June 2005, concentrations of MCs were monitored in four treatment plants supplying drinking water to major metropolitan areas in Ghana: the treatment plants Barekese and Owabi, which serve Kumasi Metropolitan Area, and the plants Kpong and Weija, providing water for Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. HPLC analyses showed that 65% samples of raw water at the intake of the treatment plants contained intracellular MCs (maximal detected concentration was 8.73 µg L -1 ), whereas dissolved toxins were detected in 33% of the samples. Significant reduction of cyanobacterial cell counts and MC concentrations was achieved during the entire monitoring period by the applied conventional water treatment methods (alum flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination), and MC concentration in the final treated water never exceeded 1 µg L -1 (WHO guideline limit for MC-LR in drinking water). However, cyanobacterial cells (93-3,055 cell mL -1 ) were frequently found in the final treated water and intracellular MCs were detected in 17% of the samples (maximal concentration 0.61 µg L -1 ), while dissolved MCs were present in 14% of the final treated water samples (maximal concentration 0.81 µg L -1 ). It indicates a borderline efficiency of the water treatment, thus MC concentrations in drinking water might exceed the WHO guideline limit if the treatment efficiency gets compromised. In addition, MC concentrations found in the raw water might represent significant human health risks for people living in areas with only a limited access to the treated or underground drinking water.

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“…It is well known that many species of cyanobacteria are able to produce microcystins (MCs) (van Apeldoorn et al, 2007), which can accumulate in the food chain (Xie et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2009a) and negatively affect aquatic organisms, animals, and human beings due to their potent hepatotoxicity and probable tumor promoters (Andersen et al, 1993;Carmichael and Falconer, 1993;Chorus and Bartram, 1999;Matsunaga et al, 1999;Carmichael et al, 2001;Zimba et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2002Chen et al, , 2009bQiu et al, 2007). To date, more than 80 structural analogues of MCs have been identified, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most frequently detected and the most toxic (Fastner et al, 2002;Briand et al, 2003;Zurawell et al, 2004;Hoeger et al, 2005;Blaha et al, 2009). Thus, World Health Organization (WHO) established a provisional guideline value for MC-LR in 1 mg.L x1 of drinking water (WHO, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses in population growth and reproduction of the freshwater rotiferBrachionus calyciflorusto microcystin-LR at different temperatures

Huang

et al. 2012

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-Microcystis blooms occur worldwide in eutrophic lakes. Microcystins (MCs) including microcystin-LR (MC-LR) released by Microcystis have adverse effects on aquatic organisms such as rotifers. To detect population growth and reproductive responses, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus was exposed to MC-LR at eight concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 mg.L x1 under different temperature (20, 25 and 30 xC), and population growth rate (r), ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF) ratio, mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF) ratio, mictic rate (MR), and 7-d resting egg (7-d RE) production were investigated. The results showed that higher temperatures stimulate the population growth of B. calyciflorus. B. calyciflorus showed high tolerance to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 200 mg.L x1 under different temperatures. Compared to the control, MC-LR at all concentrations increased the r (P < 0.05), but decreased the OF/NOF and the MR of the rotifers at 30 xC (P < 0.01). A clear dose-response relationship existed between the r, the OF/NOF, and the MR of B. calyciflorus and MC-LR concentration at 30 xC, respectively. These sensitive parameters could be used to monitor the ecological effects of low concentrations of MC-LR in natural water bodies at the high temperature.

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Toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms - toxicity and risks

Cited by 255 publications

References 36 publications

Risk Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins, the Particularities and Challenges of Planktothrix spp. Monitoring

Risk Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins, the Particularities and Challenges of Planktothrix spp. Monitoring

Cyanobacteria and microcystin contamination in untreated and treated drinking water in Ghana

Responses in population growth and reproduction of the freshwater rotiferBrachionus calyciflorusto microcystin-LR at different temperatures

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