Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in domestic dogs and cats in the United States, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean: A review

Ketzis, Jennifer; Lucio‐Forster, Araceli

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.027

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, in dogs, the infection rate was a bit high among older age groups compared to the younger age groups. In support of this finding, the rate of infection was found to be higher in younger cats in Canada (11) and among cats and dogs, which were less than one year in the US, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America (20) and older dogs in Al-Diwaniya province, Iraq (21). Studies in India and Europe reported that the prevalence of the T. canis was higher in younger India; 38%, Europe; 33.5% compared to the older dogs and cats India; 8%, Europe; 14.7% (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Coprological detection of Toxocariosis in domicile and stray dogs and cats in Sulaimani province, Iraq

Rashid¹,

Aziz²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

IJVS

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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are ascarid nematodes, belong to the Toxocaridae family and genus Toxocara, causing toxocariosis in dogs and cats. The disease is mainly transmitted between animals and humans through ingestion of contaminated food with the embryonated eggs of the parasite. In addition, vertical transmission of the Toxocara larvae from pregnant bitches to their offspring through placenta and milk has been reported. Nowadays, stray dogs and cats, which are unvaccinated or not treated against the parasites, play a significant role in introducing the disease and seem to be a common public health concern. The study aimed to identify the rate of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati infection among the domiciliary and stray dogs and cats that presented to the veterinary clinics, using direct fecal smear and fecal floatation techniques. The results showed that stray cats were highly infected 47.62% in comparison to domiciled cats 5.56%. In contrast, the T. canis infection among domiciled and stray dogs was about 11.11% and 11.76%, respectively. Adult cats and dogs were found to have a higher infectious rate cat; 30%, dogs; 14.81% than younger age groups cats; 27.58%, dogs; 8%. There was a moderate and highly significant positive correlation between the lifestyle and infectious rate in cats. In conclusion, stray cats and dogs are the leading risk factor for transmitting the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Coprological detection of Toxocariosis in domicile and stray dogs and cats in Sulaimani province, Iraq

Rashid¹,

Aziz²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

IJVS

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“…Little is known about the prevalence of intestinal parasites of dogs and cats in Costa Rica, although the prevalence in dogs ranges from 5-40% depending on the location, age, and owned status [59]. A similar survey conducted in 2009 in San Isidro, Costa Rica found similar prevalence rates in dogs with T. vulpis (27%), dogs and cats with Ancylostoma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Pathogens of Domestic, Free-Roaming Pets and the Implications for Wild Carnivores and Human Health in the San Luis Region of Costa Rica

Conrad

Norman

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Habitat loss and degradation, restricted ranges, prey exploitation, and poaching are important factors for the decline of several wild carnivore populations and additional stress from infectious agents is an increasing concern. Given the rapid growth of human populations in some regions like Costa Rica, pathogens introduced, sustained, and transmitted by domestic carnivores may be particularly important. To better understand the significance of domestic carnivore pathogens for wildlife, we determine the prevalence of infection and possible mechanisms for contact between the two groups. The demographics, role in the household, and pathogens of pet dogs and cats was studied during three annual spay/neuter clinics in San Luis, Costa Rica. Most dogs were owned primarily as pets and guard animals, but ~10% were used for hunting. Cats were owned primarily as pets and for pest control. Both roamed freely outdoors. We detected high prevalences of some pathogens (e.g., carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and Toxoplasma gondii). Some pathogens are known to persist in the environment, which increases the probability of exposure to wild carnivores. This study demonstrated that domestic pets in San Luis, home to a number of protected and endangered wildlife species, are infected with pathogens to which these wild species are potentially susceptible. Additionally, results from our questionnaire support the potential for domestic and wild animal contact, which may result in disease spillover.

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“…In puppies practically all can continue to the digestive tract, while the incredible heft of hatchlings in rearing bitches will by skip into the substantial tissues (da Silva et al, 2018). The following signi cant period of the lifestyles cycle of T. canis takes place whilst a bitch holding onto stationary larvae turns into pregnant (Ketzis & Lucio-Forster, 2020). After approximately the forty-tow day of incubation, an extent of the hatchlings become dynamic and pass the placenta to develop within the embryo (Araújo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle-East prevalence of Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina in stray cats and dogs

Sadr

Moghaddam

Atazadeh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Stray cats and dogs are the major risk factors for human toxocariasis and one of the most important public health issues. Accessing and analyzing the prevalence of Toxocara spp. in definitive host may help control and prevention of human toxocariasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first study in Middle east, directed to estimate the prevalence of Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina infection in cats and dogs by gender, age, geographical location, weather condition and other risk factors. Three English databanks (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched for published articles about Toxocara parasites of cats and dogs in Middle-East from 1980 to 2022. Of 300 peer-reviewed articles, 40 were included in this review and represented cats and dogs from all over the Middle east countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara cati infection in stray cats was 7.66%, being highest in north of Iran and lowest in Qatar countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara canis infection in stray dogs was 26.34%, being highest in north of Iran and lowest in Israel countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara leonina infection in stray cats and dogs was 2.85%, being highest in Egypt and lowest in Qatar countries. Prevalence of Toxocara leonina was higher in low-income tropical countries and also in young (12 months of age) cats and dogs and also higher in humid weather like north of Iran. Control prevention and of this zoonosis should take greater care by health officials particularly in countries where risk factors and prevalence are highest.

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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in domestic dogs and cats in the United States, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

Coprological detection of Toxocariosis in domicile and stray dogs and cats in Sulaimani province, Iraq

Coprological detection of Toxocariosis in domicile and stray dogs and cats in Sulaimani province, Iraq

Demographic and Pathogens of Domestic, Free-Roaming Pets and the Implications for Wild Carnivores and Human Health in the San Luis Region of Costa Rica

Middle-East prevalence of Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina in stray cats and dogs

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