ScopePromoting the development of brown or beige adipose tissue may protect against obesity and related metabolic features, and potentially underlies protective effects of genistein in mice.Methods and resultsWe observed that application of genistein to 3T3‐L1 adipocytes changed the lipid distribution from large droplets to a multilocular distribution, reduced mRNAs indicative of white adipocytes (ACC, Fasn, Fabp4, HSL, chemerin, and resistin) and increased mRNAs that are a characteristic feature of brown/beige adipocytes (CD‐137 and UCP1). Transcripts with a role in adipocyte differentiation (Cebpβ, Pgc1α, Sirt1) peaked at different times after application of genistein. These responses were not affected by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant, revealing that this action of genistein is not through the classical ER pathway. The Sirt1 inhibitor Ex‐527 curtailed the genistein‐mediated increase in UCP1 and Cebpβ mRNA, revealing a role for Sirt1 in mediating the effect. Baseline oxygen consumption and the proportional contribution of proton leak to maximal respiratory capacity was greater for cells exposed to genistein, demonstrating greater mitochondrial uncoupling.ConclusionsWe conclude that genistein acts directly on adipocytes or on adipocyte progenitor cells to programme the cells metabolically to adopt features of beige adipocytes. Thus, this natural dietary agent may protect against obesity and related metabolic disease.

Numerical reporting categories facilitate audit and comparison with other published results. Technique-related inadequates (Thy1) have reduced but cystic lesions (Thy1c) are stable, in keeping with increased use of ultrasound scanning (USS). Thy2/2c has reduced, probably reflecting increased USS selection of non-benign nodules for sampling. ROMs for Thy1/1c/2/2c are low. Usage of all positive categories, Thy3a, Thy3f, Thy4 and Thy5, has increased. As others have reported for atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance, Thy3a is followed by malignancy more frequently than expected. There is stable prediction of malignancy by Thy3f and Thy5, the latter being 100% throughout.

Wound healing is physiological process, passing through three main overlapping phases, including inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phase to repair the damaged tissue. Some vital process in wound healing, including inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis and collagen tissue formation, seems to be disrupted in diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of different concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium, which is a medicinal plant, on the process of wound healing in diabetic rats. Diabetes were induced in twenty adult Albino-rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. Five wounds were created on the back of each rat, and treated as control (untreated), vasaline-treated, and 5%, 10% or 15% Teucrium polium extract-treated. The results showed that Teucrium polium extract stimulated wound healing by enhancing the rate of wound retraction, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and maturation. Although there was a reduction in the level of granulation tissue thickness deposition within the wound. The rate of the epithelial regeneration was improved, and the thickness of the regenerated epithelium was reduced. Overall, there was a promising impact of the extract on the process of wound healing through improving different phases of the process.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute contagious upper respiratory tract infection of ‎chickens and other birds, caused by Gallid herpesvirus1 (GaHV-1), which has economic ‎importance in the poultry industry. There was no scientific data about the incidence of the ‎disease in broiler farms in Sulaymaniyah province/Iraq. Therefore, this study aimed to ‎investigate ILTV infection in broiler farms in that region. Clinically infected birds from 89 ‎broiler flocks that had respiratory distress, coughing, gasping, tracheal rales, nasal ocular ‎discharge, and congested trachea with purulent exudate, hemorrhagic tracheitis with/or without ‎necrotic changes were investigated. The DNA was extracted from the pooled samples, ‎including tracheal secretion, trachea, and lung tissue. Primers specific to the thymidine kinase ‎gene (tdk) of ILTV- were used in PCR to detect the virus. A phylogenic tree was generated to ‎track the virus’s origin.  The study revealed that the rate of infection with ILTV among broiler ‎farms was 2.2% (2/89) in the region. The sequencing analysis showed that the ILTV isolated in ‎the area was closely related to the reported strains in the United States and Brazil (MN643591.1 ‎and S83714.1); and had a sequence identity of 98.27% to the taxon ‎JQ217378.1.  In conclusion, the study reported that one of the causes of the respiratory viral ‎infection in broiler flocks even at younger ages was related to ILTV. Partially sequenced tdk ‎gene of the virus showed that the circulated serovar in the region had some nucleotides and ‎amino acids differences with the worldwide reported serovars. This should be taken into ‎consideration in the poultry industry by doing further investigation‎.