Toxoplasmosis as an Opportunistic Protozoan Infestation and Its Significance in Transplantation

Goncharov, D B; Габриэлян, Н. И.; Abbazova, Evgeniya V.; Ievleva, E. S.; Крупенио, Т. В.

doi:10.15825/1995-1191-2015-4-95-103

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

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Laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in heart recipients

Abbazova

Goncharov

Домонова

et al. 2021

Medical Journal of the Russian Federation

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BACKGROUND. The number of organ transplantation surgeries is growing every year, including heart transplantion. The full spectrum of infections in heart transplant recipients is not well understood. One of the infectious agents that is particularly difficult to recognize is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). AIM: This work determines the informative value of detecting laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in patients after heart transplantation to identify active forms of invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation studied 121 heart recipients (95 men and 26 women) at different times after transplantation (several days to 12 years). Markers of Toxoplasma invasion were determined in blood sera, namely antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes to T. gondii, avidity index of IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and DNA of the pathogen. RESULTS: In 60 patients (49.64.5%) after heart transplantation, markers of Toxoplasma invasion were identified. In 20 (16.53.6%) cases, markers of active invasion were revealed, namely IgM and IgA antibodies to T. gondii in six and 11 patients, respectively, low-grade IgG antibodies to T. gondii in three patients, and DNA of the pathogen in two cases. Based on the totality of studies, it was determined that the disease activity in 75% of cases was due to its reactivation, whereas in the other cases, it was a recent infection. Laboratory signs of toxoplasmosis reactivation occurred mainly during the first year after transplantation, which was probably associated with the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that the most compelling studies indicating early signs of toxoplasmosis reactivation include detection of IgA antibodies to T. gondii and DNA of the pathogen. Further joint research is required by clinicians, epidemiologists, and laboratory diagnostics specialists to study the aspects of toxoplasmosis and disease diagnostics and preventionin patients after heart transplantation.

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Laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in heart recipients

Abbazova

Goncharov

Домонова

et al. 2021

Medical Journal of the Russian Federation

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Токсоплазменная Инфекция И Поражения Печени У Пациентов Без Иммунодефицита

Грешнякова¹,

Горячева²,

Безверхая³

2021

Клиническая Инфектология И Паразитология

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Токсоплазмоз является широко распространенной паразитарной инфекцией. В большинстве случаев заболевание протекает бессимптомно. Тяжелые случаи токсоплазмоза обычно ассоциированы с иммунодефицитами (в том числе ВИЧ-инфекцией). Эта тема хорошо освещена в литературе. Внимание уделяется также врожденному токсоплазмозу. Существенное значение отводится токсоплазменной инфекции в среде офтальмологов (хориоретиниты). В то же время ввиду легкого течения без специфических признаков висцеральный токсоплазмоз у иммунокомпетентных лиц оказывается недооцененным и зачастую воспринимается практикующими врачами как казуистичный. В статье приведены данные, подчеркивающие значимость токсоплазменной инвазии у иммунокомпетентных пациентов. Приведены клинические примеры висцерального токсоплазмоза c поражениями печени из журнальных публикаций. Проанализирована распространенность токсоплазмоза у пациентов с фоновой патологией печени. Приведенные данные подчеркивают значимость данного паразитоза и необходимость исключения его в клинически неясных случаях висцеральной патологии у иммунокомпетентных пациентов. Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic infection. In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic. Severe cases of toxoplasmosis are usually associated with immunodeficiencies (including HIV infection). This topic is well covered in the literature. Attention is also paid to congenital toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma infection is given significant importance among ophthalmologists (chorioretinitis). At the same time, due to the mild course without specific signs, visceral toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals is underestimated and is often perceived by practitioners as casuistic. The article presents data emphasizing the importance of toxoplasma invasion in immunocompetent patients. Clinical examples of visceral toxoplasmosis with liver lesions from journal publications are presented. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with underlying liver pathology was analyzed. The data presented emphasize the importance of this parasitosis and the need to exclude it in clinically unclear cases of visceral pathology in immunocompetent patients.

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Distribution of toxoplasmosis among different groups of the population of the Оmsk Region

Старостина¹,

Пацула²,

Нурпейсова³

2019

PH&LE

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Objective. Our objective was to study the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among various groups of population in the Omsk Region. Materials and methods. We analyzed statistical data and the results of our own serological tests carried out in 2000–2017. Antibodies to Toxoplasma were determined in 1,926 people (769 citizens and 1,157 villagers). The blood serum was used as the test material. For the detection of IgG and IgA antibodies to toxoplasma, we used locally produced ELISA test systems (“Vector-Best”, Novosibirsk). Results. Antibodies to toxoplasmas were found in residents of all landscape areas of the Omsk Region. In the northern parts of the forest zone, 45.9 % of people had antibodies to toxoplasma; in the southern steppe zone, 64.6 % of people had those antibodies. Urban residents were infected in 17.7 % of cases. There were significant age-related differences in toxoplasma infection in the population of the Omsk Region. The maximum rates of invasion in older age groups were more than 50 % among urban residents and over 70 % in rural areas. Rates of seropositivity of rural children under 15 were 5 times higher than those in urban children. Serological markers of toxoplasmosis were detected in 52.8 % of rural women of childbearing age and in 33.9 % of urban women. Сonclusion. The research results indicated the unfavorable epidemic situation for toxoplasmosis in the Omsk Region. Taking into account the risk of infection for people with immunodeficiency and pregnant women and the possibility to reactivate the invasion even in an immunocompetent organism, it is necessary to study distinctive features of the toxoplasmosis epidemic process in different areas of the Omsk Region and to develop regulatory and procedural documents on prevention of Toxoplasma infection in the population.

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Toxoplasmosis as an Opportunistic Protozoan Infestation and Its Significance in Transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in heart recipients

Laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in heart recipients

Токсоплазменная Инфекция И Поражения Печени У Пациентов Без Иммунодефицита

Distribution of toxoplasmosis among different groups of the population of the Оmsk Region

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