Toxoplasmosis in an infant fed unpasteurized goat milk

Riemann, Hans; Meyer, Margaret E.; Theis, Jerold H.; Kelso, George F.; Behymer, D. E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(75)80825-0

Cited by 111 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To our knowledge, however, the second relationship (transfer of toxoplasmosis to pigs through goat whey consumption) has not been previously reported, even though drinking milk has been implicated in the transfer of toxoplasmosis. Studies by Riemann et al (1975) and Sacks et al (1982) showed an association between acute toxoplasmosis in humans to the consumption of unpasteurized goat's milk and T. gondii tachyzoites have been found in the milk of sheep, goats, and cows (Tenter et al 2000). However, the level of infectivity of tachyzoites remains a subject of discussion: some studies claim that tachyzoites are killed by gastric acid (Jacobs et al, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cats and Goat Whey Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs

Meerburg

Riel

Cornelissen

et al. 2006

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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In organic livestock production systems, farm-management factors are thought to play an important role in the on-farm prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii. Serological results and the results of an HACCP analysis were combined to determine important risk factors for the prevalence of this protozoan parasite. Mathematical analysis demonstrated that feeding goat whey to pigs and the presence of a high number of cats were positively correlated to T. gondii seroprevalence in pigs. Not covering roughage and the farmers' assumption that pigs can come into contact with cat feces also showed a positive relationship. In order to decrease the risk of T. gondii infecting their pigs, farmers should limit the access and number of cats on their farms and refrain from feeding goat whey to their pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cats and Goat Whey Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs

Meerburg

Riel

Cornelissen

et al. 2006

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Toxoplasmosis was described in breast fed child whose mother had recently acquired toxoplasmosis 1 and ingestion of unpasteurized goat milk was considered a possible source of T.gondii infection in children of rural areas, 3,17,20 showing the importance of milk in the spread of T.gondii infection. Experimentally, there are reports of chronically infected lactating mice excreting cysts in their milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity of cysts of the ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii strain in bovine milk and homemade cheese

Hiramoto

Mayrbaurl-Borges

et al. 2001

Rev. Saúde Pública

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ObjectiveAnalyze the infectivity and storage resistance of cysts of the ME-49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii in artificially infected bovine milk and homemade fresh cheese. Methods Pasteurized bovine milk was infected with 10 cysts/ml of the ME-49 strain of T.gondii and inoculated in different groups of mice, immediately or after storage at 4 o C for 5, 10 and 20 days. Homemade fresh cheese was prepared with artificially infected milk, and also tested in groups of mice, using the same storage process. Infection was identified by the presence of cysts in the brain or serological testing in challenged mice after 5 weeks, confirmed by Western Blot and histology. ResultsThe infectivity of cysts of the ME-49 strain of T.gondii was maintained in the milk even after storage for 20 days at refrigerator temperatures. Cysts were also able to survive the production process of homemade fresh cheese and storage for a period of 10 days in the same conditions. Conclusions These data demonstrated that milk and dairy products could be an important source of T.gondii in human contamination, reinforcing the importance of milk pasteurization before any processing or ingestion. Resumo Objetivo

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“…Tachyzoites of T. gondii have been detected in the milk of several intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, and cows (Tenter, 2009). Acute toxoplasmosis in humans has only been associated with consumption of unpasteurized goat's milk (Riemann et al, 1975;Sacks et al, 1982;Skinner et al, 1990;Meerburg et al, 2006). A recent report on how sheep can eliminate T. gondii in their milk is of interest (Fusco et al, 2007).…”

Section: Ingestion Of Infected Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma in Animals, Food, and Humans: An Old Parasite of New Concern

Cenci‐Goga

Rossitto

Sechi

et al. 2011

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

142

106

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All hosts, including humans, can be infected by any one of the three forms of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that correspond to three morphological stages: tachyzoite, bradyzoite, and sporozoite form. Felids are definitive hosts for T. gondii, which is an intracellular pathogen that infects a wide range of warm-blooded intermediate hosts. Toxoplasmosis is a disease where the interest of the diverse medical and veterinary specialties converge. Awareness needs to be increased that toxoplasmosis can induce clinical disease not only in immunocompromised patients or through congenital infections, but also in healthy patients. This is a review article that aims at illustrating why toxoplasmosis should be regarded a veterinary public health issue and how veterinary practitioners can contribute in controlling the infection.

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Toxoplasmosis in an infant fed unpasteurized goat milk

Cited by 111 publications

References 5 publications

Cats and Goat Whey Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs

Cats and Goat Whey Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs

Infectivity of cysts of the ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii strain in bovine milk and homemade cheese

Toxoplasma in Animals, Food, and Humans: An Old Parasite of New Concern

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