Toxoplasmosis in dogs: first report of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>infection in any animal species in Angola

Lopes, Ana Patrícia; Granada, Sara; Oliveira, Ana; Brancal, Hugo; Cardoso, Luı́s; Vilhena, Hugo

doi:10.1179/2047773214y.0000000160

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This level of seroprevalence was noticeably lower than in other studies, such as 98.0% in Egypt ( El Behairy et al, 2013 ) and 83.5% in Thailand ( Jittapalapong et al, 2009 ). Nevertheless, it was substantially higher than those observed in pet dogs from other regions, such as 9.4% in Thailand ( Jittapalapong et al, 2007 ), 15.5% in Angola ( Lopes et al, 2014 ), and 10.8% in northeast China ( Wu et al, 2011 ). The differences in seroprevalence rates among these countries may have been due to the different serological techniques used and the distinct environmental and management conditions in various parts of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…1 ). Using statistical theory, the representative sample size was calculated as n = [1 – (1-CL)1/e] × (N – (e – 1)/2] (CL: Confidence Level (95%), e: number of detectable individuals with the event in the population (e = N × p × Se), where p is– expected prevalence at 15% ( Lopes et al, 2014 ), Se is sensitivity of IFAT at 80% ( Liu et al, 2015 )); thus, a sample size (n) of 22 was determined. However, it was decided to collect 103 samples for better representation and to compensate for rejected samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Nguyen

Kengradomkij

Inpankaew

2021

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, which has a two-host life cycle and an extensive global distribution. The presence of antibodies to T. gondii was examined in owned dogs in Cambodia. In total, 103 dog serum samples from 37 households in northern Cambodia were collected and examined for evidence of T. gondii infection using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. In total, 52 of 103 (50.5%) samples were serologically positive for T. gondii in this study. No significant risk factor associated with T. gondii infection was found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs from Cambodia, which revealed a considerable risk of infection for humans. Therefore, consuming undercooked dog meat or contacting feces with contaminated cat feces should be restricted to avoid the possibility of zoonosis. Further studies are needed to determine the epidemiology of T. gondii in populations of larger dogs and other animals to improve our understanding of the situation of the pathogen in this country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Nguyen

Kengradomkij

Inpankaew

2021

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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“…By using MAT and a cut-off titre of 20, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 15.5% out of 103 dogs from Luanda (Lopes et al, 2014), representing a statistically significant difference to the present results in cats (3.9%; p = 0.005). On the other hand, seropositivity of Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…In the present study, the odds of a cat being seropositive increased by an average factor of 1.58 for each 1-year increase in age. It can be assumed that increasingly older cats have had more chances to eat tissues of infected animals or to have contact to the surrounding environment potentially contaminated with T. gondii oocysts (Lopes et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats from Luanda, Angola

Lopes

Oliveira

Granada

et al. 2017

Veterinary Parasitology

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A B S T R A C TToxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. are zoonotic protozoa of importance to animal and public health. The present study aimed to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of these zoonotic parasites in a domestic feline population living in Luanda, Angola. One hundred and two cats were sampled at a veterinary medical centre, from May 2014 to February 2016. The age of the cats ranged from 2.5 to 143 months (median: 12 months; interquartile range: 7.5-24). Serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to T. gondii at twofold dilutions of 1:20 to 1:2560 with a modified agglutination test (MAT) commercial kit. The direct agglutination test (DAT) for titration of IgG antibodies specific to Leishmania spp. used a standard freeze-dried antigen at a concentration of 5 × 10 7 promastigotes per milliliter, following a predefined protocol. Two-fold dilution series ranging from 1:25 to 1:800 were tested, with a cut-off titre of 100 chosen for seropositivity. Four out of 102 cats (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-9.7) had antibodies to T. gondii: one had a titer of 20, one a titer of 160, and two had a titer ≥ 2560. No cat (0.0%; CI: 0.0-3.5) was found seropositive for Leishmania spp. A statistically significant difference was found between T. gondii seroprevalence and Leishmania spp. seroprevalence (p = 0.043). The odds of a cat being seropositive to T. gondii increased by an average factor of 1.58 for each 1-year increase in age (p = 0.003). The sampled cats were well-cared animals and may not represent the overall feline population of Angola at the national and city levels. The fact that only 12 out of the 102 sampled cats ate or had access to raw or undercooked meat and/or viscera may have reduced the likelihood of finding seropositive results. Under these circumstances, additional studies, including a larger number of cats, are necessary for a more comprehensive assessment of the zoonotic risk posed by these animals in Angola.

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“…The remaining percentage of positivity in dogs was distributed between the age ranges of 1–5 months (A1; 18.1%) and 6–12 months (A2; 30.9%), displaying an increase of T. gondii infection closely related to the age of the animal. Adult dogs have a longer exposure time to different risk factors that may increase the chances of infection and contribute to the spread of the parasite in the environment [ 51 ]. These animals can ingest oocysts which are subsequently eliminated through the feces without any process of multiplication of the parasite occurring [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

et al. 2020

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Stray animals such as dogs and cats have an important role in maintaining the transmission cycles and dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of T. gondii in stray dogs and cats in six different regions of Panama and determine risk factors associated with the dynamics of infection in each of the studied regions. Data were obtained using serological tests for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The results of this study revealed an overall infection frequency of 23.73%. The infection frequencies found in dog and cat populations were 25.70% and 21.93% respectively, showing no statistically significant difference. Risk factor correlations suggested different infection dynamics depending on the region analyzed. The San Miguelito, North and West regions were more associated with positive cases in dogs with an age range greater than 13 months. Conversely, the Metro, Central and East regions were more associated with negative cases in cats with age ranging between 0 and 5 months. Infection of the parasite in stray animals can be influenced by intrinsic characteristics of each region, which can potentiate different risk factors associated with the different routes of transmission.

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Toxoplasmosis in dogs: first report ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in any animal species in Angola

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats from Luanda, Angola

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

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