Trace metal levels and toxicity in the Huelva Estuary (Spain): A case study with comparisons to historical levels from the past decades

The Bioconcentration and the Translocation of Heavy Metals in Recently Consumed Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods in Highly Contaminated Estuary Marshes and Its Food Risk

“…In the case of Pb, the available concentrations we observed (1.45-8.00 mg kg −1 ) were much less than the available concentrations registered by Borrego et al [82] (58-2060 mg kg −1 ) and by Mesa-Marín [69] (1139.85 mg kg −1 ), who classified the soils of the Odiel estuary as heavily polluted and less than the concentrations in total sediments observed by other authors (19-1660 mg kg −1 ) [73,[86][87][88][89].…”

“…The available Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Mn concentrations determined in the soils in our study were within the ranges described by other authors who had previously studied their available content in sediments in the Odiel and Tinto estuary [82,83], however, our concentrations were lower for As and Cu than those registered by Mesa-Marín et al [69] in a location of the Odiel marshes; these authors observed a more than two-fold increase in these marshes in the concentration of Pb and As compared to data compiled in the last decade due to anthropogenic influence, as this increase has not been observed in other salt-marshes of the province with lower human activity [69,101]. Our results are of the same order of magnitude but somewhat less than those of other authors who studied their total concentrations in sediments in the same area, for example, the available Cr (1.26-2.70 mg kg −1 ) and Fe (11.58-431.49 mg kg −1 ) observed in concentrations were lower than the total concentrations registered previously in sediments, 8-5003 mg kg −1 and 9168-88,429 mg kg −1 , respectively [73,[86][87][88][89].…”

“…Salicornia species primarily inhabit saline coastal habitats, such as estuarine salt marshes [54], where heavy metals have been added to the environment by polluted water through various anthropogenic activities-such as manufacturing, mining, and agricultural industries [70]-as is the case of the estuary of the Tinto and the Odiel rivers in Huelva (SW Spain), which is one of the systems most heavily polluted by heavy metals in the world [71][72][73].…”

Distribution of Trace Elements, Rare Earth Elements and Ecotoxicity in Sediments of the Kosva Bay, Perm Region (Russia)

“…For example, the results of studies within Darrehzar porphyry copper mine show that the distribution of light rare earth elements on suspended particles is less than that of middle rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements, which confirms similar Distribution of Trace Elements, Rare Earth Elements and Ecotoxicity in Sediments of the Kosva Bay, Perm Region (Russia) Evgeniya Ushakova 1* , Elena Menshikova 1 , Sergey Blinov 1 , Sergey Vaganov 1 , Roman Perevoshchikov 1 results of researchers [Soltani et al, 2014]. At the same time, the studies note a significant transfer of many elements over considerable distances from the source, for example, into the Huelva estuary by the Tinto and Odiel Rivers due to long-term mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, where 7900 t of Fe, 5800 t of Al, 3500 t of Zn, 1700 t of Cu, and 1600 t of Mn are removed annually [Torre et al, 2019;Nieto et al, 2007]. The closed mines of the Kizel coal basin, located in the eastern part of Perm Region (Russia), negatively affect the Kama River basin in the upper part of the drainage basin [Fetisova, 2021;Pyankov et al, 2021; Krasilnikova and Blinov, 2017; Menshikova et al, 2020].…”

Environmental Assessment Impact of Acid Mine Drainage from Kizel Coal Basin on the Kosva Bay of the Kama Reservoir (Perm Krai, Russia)

“…Adverse effects on the abiotic and biotic components of rivers, including the destruction of aquatic life, bioaccumulation of toxic elements by organisms and plants, biodiversity loss, and the health of local residents, are observed for these areas [3][4][5][6]. AMD of abandoned coal mines is the source of river water pollution in the area of Moscow Brown Coal Basin and Kizel Coal Basin of Russia [7][8][9]; Tinto and Odiel Rivers in Spain [10]; Leonor and Pedras streams in a coal mining area (southern Brazil) [11]; rivers of Central Appalachian, Eastern State, and the Great Plains regions of the United States [12]; and many rivers in other regions [13][14][15]. Surface water pollution with AMD associated with coal mining areas are caused by oxidative processes of mine waters due to oxidation of sulfide group minerals, 2 of 23 resulting in the release of large amounts of sulfates, iron, and trace elements (TE) (e.g., As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Al, Mn, Be) [16][17][18].…”