Trade in forest products between European Union and the Central and Eastern European access candidates

The Gravity Model Specification for Modeling International Trade Flows and Free Trade Agreement Effects: A 10-Year Review of Empirical Studies~!2009-07-09~!2010-01-28~!2010-04-22~!

“…Gravity models are commonly used to investigate trade flows and related policies ( [19,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] or flows of specific products [32,37,38]. However, most recent studies focus on examining the effects of regional trade agreements, currency unions and common markets and particularly whether these result in creating or diverting trade; in this research area see, for example [5,31,.…”

Forest sector modelling in Europe—the state of the art and future research directions

“…In forest product markets, Kangas and Niskanen (2003) used a gravity equation approach in studying trade flow patterns between European Union (EU) and Central and Eastern European access countries (CEEC), which today are the members of the EU. Their main finding was that, although trade volume increased substantially from 1993 to 1998 between Eastern and Western Europe, at the end of the period it was still below what could be expected based on the GDP of the importing country and the distance between the capitals of the exporting and importing countries, the basic explanatory variables used in gravity models.…”

Competition in the global pulp and paper industries – An evaluation based on three approaches

“…Since then, gravity models have been widely applied for explaining bilateral trade. Kangas and Niskanen (2003), for instance, examined the trade of forest products between European Union and Central and Eastern Europe access countries, using a gravity model. The gravity model did not include any price variables, but it still explained 66% of the variation in the bilateral trade volumes.…”