Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Chinese Patients With Paradoxical Embolism - Immediate Results and Long-Term Follow-up -

Abstract

Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp atent foramen ovale (PFO) is an anatomical variant of the interatrial septum with an overall prevalence of 27% in autopsy studies. 1 PFO has been associated with cryptogenic stroke and migraine headaches, 2-4 and increasingly recognized as a source of paradoxical embolism. A high prevalence of PFO has been reported in approximately 50% of patients with cryptogenic transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke, 2 suggesting an association between the presence of PFO, with or without atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), and thromboembolic events (TE). 5 The optimal management for the prevention of a paradoxical embolic event in these patients remains controversial. Medical therapies with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, surgical PFO closure and percutaneous transcatheter closure of the PFO have been proposed as therapeutic options. 6 The results of several randomized clinical trials, randomized controlled trials and reports of single-center experience have indicated that transcatheter PFO closure is a potential option for patients with PFO and thromboembolic phenomena, in that it avoids the morbidity associated with surgical closure or lifelong anticoagulation therapy. 4,7-10 Despite the good short-term results of transcatheter PFO closure in these patients, however, the long-term data are limited, especially in Chinese patients. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess the long-term clinical outcome in PFO patients with paradoxical embolism who underwent transcatheter PFO closure in a single center. Methods PatientsBetween January 2005 and May 2010, 192 patients who were referred for transcatheter closure of a PFO following 1 or more presumed paradoxical systemic events were included in the present study. A TE was considered to be due to a paradoxical embolism when the following criteria were met: presence of PFO with spontaneous or provocable right-to-left shunt during transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)/trans-

A Review on Tailoring PEDOT:PSS Layer for Improved Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Doping PEDOT:PSS film with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8- 2, 02004 (2018) cyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) [64] increases the work function of the HTL from 5.08 eV to 5.18 eV (Figure 9a), whereas Huang et al [65] achieved similar outcome using dopamine (DA) (Figure 9b). The work function of PE-DOT:PSS was tuned by Lim et al [32] using self-organized HEL (SOHEL), which was composed of PEDOT:PSS and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-sulfonic acid copolymer (Figure 9c).…”

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. [64,65,32] doi: 10.11605/j.pnrs.201802004 Published by Nature Research Society http://nrs.org | 8 Proceedings of the Nature Research Society, 2, 02004 (2018) Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can easily be modulated by the removal of PSSH chains [72][73][74]. Removal of PSSH chains results in conductive PEDOT rich film.…”

“…It may also originate from interface and surface-trap defects [67,88]. Tailored PEDOT:PSS based devices can minimize hysteresis by reducing trap states and charge accumulation [38,58,59,64,65,89,90].…”

“…Similarly, dopamine doped PEDOT:PSS improves the stability by reducing the acidity, which in turn inhibits the impurity diffusion from ITO. In parallel, it makes the PEDOT:PSS layer less hygroscopic, which reduces the decomposition of PSK layers [65]. Erosion of ITO by the acidic PEDOT:PSS can be effectively prevented by incorporating MoO 3 layer between ITO and PEDOT:PSS.…”

ErrorSense: Characterizing WiFi error patterns for detecting ZigBee interference

“…While early studies mostly focus on the analysis of ZigBee performance degradation in presence of WiFi interference, it has been shown that significant throughput reductions can also be observed in WiFi networks [1], [4]. This phenomenon has been justified by considering two different main reasons: i) an intrinsic reason, due to vendor-dependent implementation choices that in some cases make difficult the detection of non-WiFi modulated signals or introduce latency times in the receiver operations [5]; ii) an extrinsic reason, due to the higher time resolution needed by ZigBee for detecting channel activity and preventing collisions [6], [7].…”