Transcortin: A Corticosteroid-Binding Protein of Plasma. Ii. Levels in Various Conditions and the Effects of Estrogens *

Sandberg, Avery A.; Slaunwhite, W. Roy

doi:10.1172/jci103904

Cited by 237 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We calculated that arctic ground squirrels have 2.54 g albumin/100 mL plasma, and used this in all our calculations of free cortisol. Although ablumin levels can vary because of factors such as nutrition and stress (Peters 1996), albumin has low affinity for cortisol relative to CBG (the latter binding cortisol ϳ6000 times more strongly, than albumin; e.g., Sandberg and Slaunwhite 1959). Thus, slight variation in albumin levels should not have major influences on the amount of cortisol that is free (Tait and Burstein 1994).…”

Section: Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction at All Costs: The Adaptive Stress Response of Male Arctic Ground Squirrels

Boonstra

McColl

Karels

2001

Ecology

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Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that adult male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius) exhibit an adaptive stress response during the mating period that may compromise their survival, whereas males at other times (nonreproductive adult males and juvenile males) have a normal functional stress response. We assessed the physiological responsiveness of the stress axis, of energy mobilization, and of the immune response by subjecting adult breeding males, adult nonbreeding males, and juvenile males to a hormonal challenge and an immunocompetence challenge. At the onset of the breeding season in spring, only 25-30% of the population were males, and of those present during the mating period, half disappeared soon thereafter, and 82% were not replaced by immigrants. Adult breeding males had the highest levels of free cortisol, the lowest maximum corticosteroidbinding capacity, slight dexamethasone resistance, the lowest hematocrit, the lowest number of white blood cells, the highest number of eosinophils, and the poorest ability to respond to the foreign antigen challenge in comparison with the other two male classes. All of these characteristics were indicative of chronic stress in breeding males that may directly compromise their survival. Juvenile males in mid-August also showed many, but not all of these characteristics, indicative of a prolonged period of stress, presumably associated with the period of dispersal. Testosterone levels remained high irrespective of age or breeding condition, decreased when dexamethasone was injected, and increased when ACTH was injected. These latter results are unique in mammals. High testosterone levels and their augmentation with stressors may play a key role in maintenance of aggressive behavior. We conclude that breeding male arctic ground squirrels exhibit an adaptive stress response in which they trade off survival for reproduction. We hypothesize that similar stress responses may have evolved in other species with comparable life histories.

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Section: Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction at All Costs: The Adaptive Stress Response of Male Arctic Ground Squirrels

Boonstra

McColl

Karels

2001

Ecology

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“…Since then, cortisol binding to plasma proteins has been investigated in normal and various pathologic conditions in the human adult (36). Low values of binding capacity have been reported in human cord plasma (14,32). However, in most of the studies in the human, only the estimation of the binding capacity has been considered.…”

Section: Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Binding to Proteins in Plasma in the Human Neonate and Infant

et al. 1975

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“…Keller, Sendelbeck, Richardson, Moore & Yates (1966), however, did observe a small increase in corticosteroid binding globulin, but only after 14 days of high doses of oestrogen given to male rats. These results are surprising in view of the many reports of an increase in corticosteroid binding activity after oestrogen treatment in man (Sandberg & Slaunwhite, 1959;Daughaday, Adler, Mariz, & Rasinski, 1962). In the female rat the levels of oestrogen normally circulating may result in maximal stimulation of binding activity under normal physiological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…It has been suggested that oestrogens alter the peripheral metabolism of corticosteroids (Troop, 1959) and corticosteroid binding in the blood (Sandberg & Slaunwhite, 1959). The present study was designed to investigate the relative sensitivity of the various parts of the pituitary-adrenal axis to oestrogen treatment in the rat in an attempt to explain some of the conflicting reports of the effects of oestrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The actions of ethinyloestradiol on the pituitary‐adrenal system of the rat

1970

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. Single doses of ethinyloestradiol stimulate the pituitary adrenal axis of the female rat during quiescent conditions. 2. After a stimulus which releases endogenous ACTH, there is an inhibition of the release of corticosterone from the adrenal gland, but an increase in the corticosterone stored in the gland.3. Ethinyloestradiol (1V0 mg/kg) injected acutely or daily for 7 days does not affect the corticosterone bindinlg capacity of plasma in female rats, or the clearance rate of an injection of corticosterone. 4. Prolonged treatment with ethinyloestradiol and ACTH inhibits the pituitary-adrenal response to a stress and to an ACTH injection, indicating a block at the adrenal and pituitary level. 5. The adrenal gland recovers more rapidly than the pituitary after cessation of the oestrogen treatment. 6. The inhibition of the pituitary-adrenal response to stress after oestrogen is probably caused by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis as suggested by others. Oestrogens can increase corticoid secretion during non-stress conditions, however, so precursor lack through exhaustion cannot be excluded. 7. It is suggested that the inhibition of the stress response after prolonged ACTH treatment is due to a decrease in sensitivity of the adrenal cortex after frequent ACTH stimulation, but the possibility that it is due to a reduction in circulating cholesterol cannot be ruled out.

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Transcortin: A Corticosteroid-Binding Protein of Plasma. Ii. Levels in Various Conditions and the Effects of Estrogens *

Cited by 237 publications

References 17 publications

Reproduction at All Costs: The Adaptive Stress Response of Male Arctic Ground Squirrels

Reproduction at All Costs: The Adaptive Stress Response of Male Arctic Ground Squirrels

Cortisol Binding to Proteins in Plasma in the Human Neonate and Infant

The actions of ethinyloestradiol on the pituitary‐adrenal system of the rat

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