Transcriptome-wide characterization and functional analysis of Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family of Salicornia europaea L. under salinity and drought stress

Abstract

Background Salicornia europaea is a halophyte that has a very pronounced salt tolerance. As a cell wall manipulating enzyme, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) plays an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. However, no systematic study of the XTH gene family in S. europaea is well known. PacBio Iso-Seq transcriptome sequence data were used for bioinformatics and gene expression analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Transcriptome sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq system) generated 16,465,671 sub-reads and after quality control of Iso-Seq, 29,520 isoforms were obtained with an average length of 2112 bp. A total of 24,869 unigenes, with 98% of which were obtained using coding sequences (CDSs), and 6398 possible transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Thirty-five (35) non-redundant potential SeXTH proteins were identified in S. europaea and categorized into group I/II and group III based on their genetic relatedness. Prediction of the conserved motif revealed that the DE(I/L/F/V)DF(I)EFLG domain was conserved in the S. europaea proteins and a potential N-linked glycosylation domain N(T)V(R/L/T/I)T(S/K/R/F/P)G was also located near the catalytic residues. All SeXTH genes exhibited discrete expression patterns in different tissues, at different times, and under different stresses. For example, 27 and 15 SeXTH genes were positively expressed under salt stress in shoots and roots at 200 mM NaCl in 24 h, and 34 SeXTH genes were also positively regulated under 48 h of drought stress in shoots and roots. This indicates their function in adaptation to salt and drought stress. Conclusion The present study discovered SeXTH gene family traits that are potential stress resistance regulators in S. europaea, and this provides a basis for future functional diversity research.

Identification and expression analysis of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…Thus far, the XTH family has been identified and analyzed in species such as Arabidopsis thaliana (33), Hordeum vulgare (24), Glycine max (61), and Nicotiana tabacum (54). ( Nomchit et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Meng et al, 2018 ; Cheng et al, 2021 ; Strohmeier et al, 2004 ; Tiika et al, 2021 ). The XTH family was initially classified into three groups, named groups I, II, and III, in Arabidopsis ( Campbell & Braam, 1999 ).…”

“…Increasing evidence has revealed that XTHs are instrumental for coping with abiotic stresses through cell remodeling and enhanced cell wall biogenesis in plants ( Eklof & Brumer, 2010 ; Tiika et al, 2021 ). For instance, the constitutive expression of CaXTH3 has been verified to enhance resistance to salinity and drought stress in tomato plants ( Choi et al, 2011 ).…”

Transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KT/HAK/KUP family in Salicornia europaea L. under varied NaCl and KCl treatments

“…We downloaded the transcriptome sequence of S. europaea from the NCBI database ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra ) (Accession number: PRJNA725943 ) ( Tiika et al, 2021 ). Keywords related to potassium transport proteins were used to search candidate SeKUPs in S. europaea based on the transcriptome database.…”

“…In this study, we identified SeKUPs in S. europaea using PacBio sequencing system data ( Tiika et al, 2021 ). We thoroughly performed multiple sequence alignment, presence of conserved motifs in the proteins, phylogenetic analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of SeKUPs in different tissues of S. europaea in response to salinity and K + deficiency.…”

Transcriptome analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under waterlogging stress and over-expression of HvADH4 gene confers waterlogging tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

“…Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes play a role in the loosening of cell walls and affect cell proliferation. It is involved in plant growth and resistance to stress [47]. We found 24 DEGs were involved in XTH, and XTH 13 was signi cantly up-regulated in TX9425 under waterlogging stress (Table S4).…”