Transdermal Estradiol in Menopausal Women Depresses Interleukin-6 without Affecting Other Markers of Immune Response

Saucedo, Renata; Rico, Guadalupe; Basurto, Lourdes; Ochoa, Raquel; Zárate, Arturo

doi:10.1159/000053005

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, Alvarez-Tutor et al (1999) described a persistent increase of prolactin levels after oral etinyl-E2 treatment. Other studies observed no alterations in prolactin levels after transdermal estrogen treatment (Saucedo et al 2002) or a consistent decrease after oral as well as transdermal treatment (Castelo-Branco et al 1993).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of long-term treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on pituitary function in rats

Böttner

Christoffel²,

Jarry³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used for several decades to treat menopausal discomforts. However, in the light of recent studies that draw attention to the potential hazards of conventional HRT, various attempts have been undertaken to search for alternatives to classical HRT. Phytoestrogens are claimed to be capable of positively influencing menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes. We designed a long-term study of 3 months to assess the effects of subcutaneous and orally fed 17 -estradiol (E2), as well as the actions of resveratrol (RES) on pituitary function in female rats. Our results have demonstrated that RES binds with a 10-fold lower affinity to estrogen receptor (ER)-than to ER . The data from the in vivo study revealed that a dosage of 5 µg and 50 µg RES/kg bodyweight per day given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats achieved serum levels of 1·0 and 8·1 µM respectively. Long-term treatment of OVX rats with RES revealed no estrogenic potential on pituitary function in vivo as assessed by LH and prolactin secretion and by regulation of mRNAs for LH , LH , and GnRH receptor. Subcutaneous treatment with E2 in silastic capsules exerted stronger effects on LH and prolactin secretion, as well as on LH , LH , GnRH receptor, and ER mRNA regulation compared with orally applied estradiol benzoate despite comparable serum levels. Levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mRNA in the pituitary were increased following OVX and attenuated by longterm E2 treatment, whereas RES did not modulate AhR mRNA expression.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of long-term treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on pituitary function in rats

Böttner

Christoffel²,

Jarry³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Additional studies have reported that post-menopausal women (between the age of 52 and 70) taking HT for at least 12 months prior to the study have increased numbers of B cells and better T-cell proliferative responses than post-menopausal women who are not undergoing any HT (Porter et al 2001). Moreover, post-menopausal women (>48 years and time since menopause >1.6 years) have higher plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ compared to pre-menopausal subjects (Deguchi et al 2001;Vural et al 2006a;Vural et al 2006b), and HT results in a decrease in serum level of TNFα (Vural et al 2006a), IFNγ (Deguchi et al 2001), and IL-6 (Saucedo et al 2002). Similarly, ovariectomy increases IL-6 plasma levels in adult female rhesus macaque, and this change is reversed upon estradiol administration (Keller et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated immune senescence and reduced response to vaccination in ovariectomized female rhesus macaques

Engelmann

Barron

Urbanski

et al. 2010

AGE

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Aging is associated with a general dysregulation in immune function, commonly referred to as "immune senescence". Several studies have shown that female sex steroids can modulate the immune response. However, the impact of menopauseassociated loss of estrogen and progestins on immune senescence remains poorly understood. To help answer this question, we examined the effect of ovariectomy on T-cell homeostasis and function in adult and aged female rhesus macaques. Our data show that in adult female rhesus macaques, ovariectomy increased the frequency of naïve CD4 T cells. In contrast, ovariectomized (ovx) aged female rhesus macaques had increased frequency of terminally differentiated CD4 effector memory T cells and inflammatory cytokine-secreting memory T cells. Moreover, ovariectomy reduced the immune response (T-cell cytokine and IgG production) following vaccination with modified vaccinia ankara in both adult and aged female rhesus macaques compared to ovary-intact age-matched controls. Interestingly, hormone therapy (estradiol alone or in conjunction with AGE (2011) 33:275-289

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“…Postmenopausal women without HRT were found to experience greater muscle damage, indicating a possible protective effect of HRT against exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage, during which mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-15 changed markedly in the control group compared with the HRT group (Dieli-Conwright et al, 2009). In a clinical trial to investigate the effects of HRT on immune function in menopausal women the researchers found significant alterations on the interleukin levels (Saucedo et al, 2002). Estrogen/progesterone HRT has been demonstrated to affect cell-mediated immunity, thus being a potential factor influencing development and course of autoimmune disorders and neoplastic diseases (Stopinska-Gluszak et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Chinese Medicinal Plant Radix Astragali on the Ovariectomized Female Rats

Zheng

Jin²,

Zhu³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Perimenopausal syndrome occurs during the transition to menopause. Complementary and alternative medicine, especially Chinese medicinal plants, has manifested significant effects in alleviating perimenopausal symptoms. However, little research has been focused on the effects of Chinese medicinal plant on the immune function of the perimenopausal women. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Radix Astragali (RA) on the sex hormone levels and the interleukins of the ovariectomized female rats. 24 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model control group (MOD group), sham-operation group (SHAM group), RA group and estrogen group (EST group). After all the treatment ended, the serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the uterus was removed and weighed after blood exsanguinations immediately. In the MOD group, the serum levels of E2 were significantly lower, and the serum levels of FSH and LH were markedly higher than those of the RA group, EST group and SHAM group (P<0.05). In the RA group, the serum levels of E2 were significantly lower, and the serum levels of FSH were markedly higher than those of the SHAM group and EST group, respectively. In the MOD group, the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-8 were significantly lower than those of the RA group, EST group and SHAM group (P<0.05), and no marked differences existed among RA group, EST group and SHAM group in the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-8 (P>0.05). The uterine weight of the rats in the RA group, EST group and SHAM group were significantly higher than those of the rats in MOD group (P<0.05). There were no marked differences among the rats from RA group, EST group and SHAM group on the uterine weight (P>0.05). It is concluded that RA can significantly improve the immune functions of the ovariectomized female rats, although it cannot change the sex hormones levels as significantly as estrogen.

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Transdermal Estradiol in Menopausal Women Depresses Interleukin-6 without Affecting Other Markers of Immune Response

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of long-term treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on pituitary function in rats

Effects of long-term treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on pituitary function in rats

Accelerated immune senescence and reduced response to vaccination in ovariectomized female rhesus macaques

Effects of a Chinese Medicinal Plant Radix Astragali on the Ovariectomized Female Rats

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