Transformed Shell Structures Determined by Regular Networks as a Complex Material for Roofing

Abramczyk, Jacek

doi:10.3390/ma14133582

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The initial findings shed light on the intricate relationships between housing materials and land distribution. Consistent with the observations of [96], households with structures featuring corrugated roofs tend to exhibit larger land areas. This positive association highlights the potential impact of housing characteristics on land allocation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Awareness and Use of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Smallholder Farming Systems

Bwalya,

Mutandwa,

Chiluba

2023

Sustainability

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Sustainable land management (SLM) practices are often touted as a vehicle for simultaneously increasing agricultural productivity and food security in rural areas. In Eastern Zambia, numerous initiatives such as the Zambia Integrated Forest Landscape Project (ZIFLP) have been implemented. Yet, empirical data suggest relatively low levels of SLM uptake in the smallholder farming sector. Therefore, the broad objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between smallholder farmer awareness of SLM technologies and land allocated to SLM at the farm level. We hypothesized the following: H1: Increased farmer awareness of SLM practices leads to more land allocated to SLM activities in Zambia’s Eastern Province; and H2: Adoption of specific SLM practices influences the extent of land allocated to SLM. Using an intra-household cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 761 randomly selected households from 11 chiefdoms of the Eastern Province. The Heckman selection procedure was used to analyze the study’s overarching hypothesis. Findings showed that farmers were generally conversant with SLM as a construct (>90%), with choices being influenced by gender. Conservation agriculture in the form of crop rotations, use of manure, mixed cropping, tree planting, and minimum tillage methods were the most commonly known SLM technologies among farmers. Findings also indicated that awareness is an important antecedent in the use of SLM practices (χ2 = 76.6, p = 0.00), with greater access to extension being positively associated with farmer awareness (p < 0.05). The land allotted to SLM hinged on crop diversity, ownership of different types of livestock, and access to agricultural extension. These findings suggest that long-term commitments to training farmers in SLM is critical. This will be achieved when there is coherence in the information on SLM being given to farmers by all the actors working in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Awareness and Use of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Smallholder Farming Systems

Bwalya,

Mutandwa,

Chiluba

2023

Sustainability

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“…In [12], the shells of rotation with a complex shape of the meridian on dynamic effects were considered, while the shell material was taken to be homogeneous, from a monomaterial. Study [13] reports a method for the formation of structural systems from wavy shells using a special complex material consisting of regular transformable shell elements bounded by spatial quadrangles. These structures are not elastic sensitive elements.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining static characteristics of corrugated shell elements made from composite materials

Polyakova

Imambayeva

Aubakirova

et al. 2022

EEJET

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This paper considers elastic shell elements. They move under pressure. The type of dependence of displacement on pressure is called the elastic characteristic of the element. The object of this study is shell elements with a complex surface shape, consisting of composite materials of the "metal-metal" type. The composite is a metal shell with reinforcing fiber made of another metal material. The form of reinforcement is different. The task to be solved is to determine the elastic characteristics of the shell elements depending on the geometric parameters, as well as the mechanical values of the shell at its various points and in different directions. To this end, algorithms were built for calculating mechanical quantities depending on the percentage of the fiber and the shell matrix. It was required to derive a system of equations for determining the displacements and internal forces in the element depending on the geometric and mechanical parameters. A numerical calculation of shell elastic elements was performed and a comparison of the results of analytical calculation according to the algorithm developed in this work and experimental data was performed. The match between these results is 99.8–100 %. The characteristics of the shell elements were determined depending on the type of reinforcing fiber and matrix, on the geometric parameters, and the type of reinforcement of the shell. These studies make it possible to design shell elements with specified characteristics and predefined sensitivity.

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“…However, it must be noted that all the variety of freeform structures is difficult to classify according to one of the approaches, since the principles of two or more approaches can be used during the design process. For example, thin-walled corrugated shells, described in [25,26], require use of all three approaches: geometric-the structures are mathematically described ruled surfaces, biomimetic-the laws governed by mechanical properties of folded orthotropic sheets-mechanical restrictions, and formfinding-optimization of the resultant shell shapes, the location of the sheet's contraction line, and the appearing pre-stresses resulting from the initial elastic shape transformations.…”

Section: What Are Freeform Structures?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Freeform Structures: A Review

2021

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This article is a survey discussing the application of fiber-reinforced polymer composites in freeform structures and their impact on the design and shape generation process. The analysis of case studies showed that the use of FRP composites not only helps to overcome some challenges in the construction of objects with complex geometry, but also creates brand new types of structures and design approaches. On the other hand, there is a problem—although FRP materials are frequently used in construction, the shapes of structures and design methods are often traditional and are simply copied from materials such as wood, concrete, and steel. FRP composites have been applied in civil engineering for several decades, since the 1960s, as building envelopes, façade skins, load-bearing structures, and internal and external reinforcement. The article aims to analyze this accumulated experience and to explore the role of FRP materials in the design of buildings with free, complex, fluid, and organic shapes. A new classification of freeform composite structures is proposed. They are classified in this article according to the methodology applied at the conceptual design stage: structures created by using a geometric approach, a form-finding (equilibrium) approach, or a biomimetic approach. Each approach is described in its own separate section, with a thorough literature and state-of-the-art review.

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Transformed Shell Structures Determined by Regular Networks as a Complex Material for Roofing

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Awareness and Use of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Smallholder Farming Systems

Awareness and Use of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Smallholder Farming Systems

Determining static characteristics of corrugated shell elements made from composite materials

Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Freeform Structures: A Review

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