Transfusion and transplantation of cryopreserved cells and tissues

Abstract

The modern era of cryomedicine began in 1949 in London and developed world-wide in the second half of the 20th century based on the first report of a novel method of cryopreservation of sperm and erythrocytes using glycerol that was reported in 1949 and 1950 by Polge and Smith. In 1951 at Hradec Kralove, Czech. Klen initiated a "tissue bank" using his unique freeze-drying system. In 1964, the initial meeting of the Society for Cryobiology was organized by its first president. B. J. Luyet in Washington, DC. Cryobiology including cryopreservation and cryosurgery, contributed immense advances for clinical medicine. Cryomedicine will realize the goals of the New Millennium medicine: regeneration, plasticity, and minimally invasive therapy. I explained the first one, regeneration in this paper in detail. Cryomedicine involved subzero-temperatures to freeze the biological objects either for preservation or for destruction. Cryopreservation involves the cooling of the target biological materials to below the temperature of solidification by consumption of energy, through continuously supplying inert cryogens to attain the necessary cryo-temperatures by Joule-Thompson's effect. Therefore biological materials for cryopreservation should be carefully selected and once frozen purposefully kept in the frozen state to be used later to regenerate human cells, tissues and organs, and also to relaize "plasticity". Recently, lyophilization of human cells and tissues came back to the main street of cryopreservation to provide low cost economical and ecological banking of cells and tissues as a hope of the New Millennium. The first attempt of that was made by Prof. Dr. Rudolf Klen and his colleagues.Finally, physicians and related scientists who are going to be interested in cryomedicine should not worry about "freezing and thawing" as being time consuming and labor intensive, otherwise they will not share in the crucial benefits of cryomedicine.

Viabilidade celular da fração mononuclear da medula óssea e fração vascular estromal do tecido adiposo de equinos após o processo de congelamento e descongelamento

“…A lesão celular induzida pelo congelamento se explica pela formação de cristais de gelo, nos meios intra e extracelular, que ocorrem em diferentes temperaturas durante o congelamento. Estes eventos podem ocasionar prejuízos às célu-las por mecanismos diretos ou por intermédio do desequilíbrio osmótico (Sumida 2006). Segundo Pegg (2006), a utilização de crioprotetores e protocolos com controle de temperatura visa diminuir as perdas celulares inerentes ao processo de congelamento.…”

Cryopreservation does not alter the ultrastructure of the meniscus

“…This ability is particularly true in cultured or isolated cells [17]. Tissues are obviously more complex than cell suspensions.…”

A porous photocurable elastomer for cell encapsulation and culture

“…Glycerol was chosen as a cell carrier due to its: (1) common usage as a cell and tissue carrier for cryopreservation [29], and (2) minimal reactivity with PGSA that may result in dispersed phase separation. Our results show that mixing glycerol (15% or 35% (w/w)) with PGSA resulted in porous scaffolds.…”

“…hESCs: Two NIH-registered hESC cell lines were used for all studies (H9 and H13, WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI; p. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Human ESCs were grown on an inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder layer in growth medium (80% KnockOut DMEM, supplemented with 20% KnockOut Serum Replacement, 4 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor, 1 mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM b-mercaptoethanol, 1% non-essential amino acids).…”