“…Several techniques based on this approach were proposed when quiescent current methods (IDDQbased techniques) became less effective due to increase of both leakage and parameter variations in deep submicron ICs. These techniques include current shape analysis [1], measurement of the transient current at a given time [2], combination of time and frequency-domain analysis [3], measurement of the average energy consumption ratios [4], power and ground supply pulsing [5], transient V dd analysis [6], and charge based transient current testing [7]. Some of these methods are demonstrating its effectiveness in specific designed prototyping experiments and/or medium sized circuits, while its application to real environments in production or field-testing is more limited.…”