Transition Energy, Orientation Force and Work Done in Transitional Behavior Atoms: Formulating New Principles in Thermodynamics

Abstract

Studying basic parameters of heat and thermodynamics may explore new principles in science. Gaseous and solid atoms under transitional behaviors can explore remarkable advances in chemical and physical sciences. An anomaly in the first law of thermodynamics can be recognized explicitly when the transitional behaviors of atoms are in the study. By gaining transition energy, gaseous atoms undertake a transition state. Hence, the work performs by the gaseous atoms. Symbolically, a plus sign requires for it. A transition state occurs in the solid atom because of the absorbing transition energy. The performed work keeps the minus sign. To keep the orientation of electrons, gaseous and solid atoms experience different forces. In either case, transition energy changes the potential energy of the electron in an atom, thus controlling the orientation force. An anomaly resolves by changing the equations of internal energy. Gaseous and solid atoms introduce cooling and heat effects in elastically driven electronic states till the mid-states. A mid-state of a transition state falls between re-crystallization and liquid states. In generating cooling or heating energy, an electron executes dynamics by remaining within the occupied energy knot. Thus, constantly driven electronic states of atoms cause disorder and irreversible cycles.

Atoms in Gaseous and Solid States and their Energy and Force Relationships under Transitional Behaviors

“…When electrons get stuck by the bits of energy in the occupied energy knots, atoms do not undertake elastically-driven electronic states [18]. On interaction with the electronic tip of the atom, a photon is re ected under the impact of absorption, studying photon-matter interaction [19].…”

Atoms in Gaseous and Solid States and their Energy and Force Relationships under Transitional Behaviors

“…Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b) illustrate that a gaseous atom and its transition state have a different energy and force relationship than a solid atom and its transition state. A basic understanding of the performing work of gaseous and solid atoms is given elsewhere [18]. Different transitional behaviors undertook by the solid element atoms.…”

“…More minor than electrons, the broken pieces of matter can further diversify particle physics and neutrino physics. When electrons get stuck by the bits of energy in their occupied energy knots, atoms do not undertake elastically-driven electronic states [18].…”