Transition of inner cell mass to embryonic stem cells: mechanisms, facts, and hypotheses

Hassani, Seyedeh‐Nafiseh; Moradi, Sharif; Taleahmad, Sara; Braun, Thomas; Baharvand, Hossein

doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2965-y

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Viruses and/or integrative methods usually have the highest reprogramming efficiency but the lowest degree of safety (e.g., insertional mutagenesis and presence of viral components). In contrast, safer approaches such as the use of small molecules (e.g., RepSox, valproic acid, and tranylcypromine [26–29]), microRNAs (e.g., miR-302~367 cluster, miR-371~373 cluster, miR-17 family [30–34]), or metabolites (e.g., sodium butyrate, ascorbic acid, and forskolin [29, 35, 36]) either have less reprogramming efficiency or usually cannot induce pluripotency alone and are therefore frequently used in combination(s) with classical reprogramming factors [29, 37, 38]. Transfection of mRNAs that code for the classical reprogramming factors have also been used to induce pluripotency in somatic cells [39, 40], but due to their inherent instability, the mRNAs need to be transfected repeatedly.…”

Section: Human Ipscs: Methods Of Generation and Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations

et al. 2019

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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture and differentiate into all specialized cell types including gametes. iPSCs do not exist naturally and are instead generated (“induced” or “reprogrammed”) in culture from somatic cells through ectopic co-expression of defined pluripotency factors. Since they can be generated from any healthy person or patient, iPSCs are considered as a valuable resource for regenerative medicine to replace diseased or damaged tissues. In addition, reprogramming technology has provided a powerful tool to study mechanisms of cell fate decisions and to model human diseases, thereby substantially potentiating the possibility to (i) discover new drugs in screening formats and (ii) treat life-threatening diseases through cell therapy-based strategies. However, various legal and ethical barriers arise when aiming to exploit the full potential of iPSCs to minimize abuse or unauthorized utilization. In this review, we discuss bioethical, legal, and societal concerns associated with research and therapy using iPSCs. Furthermore, we present key questions and suggestions for stem cell scientists, legal authorities, and social activists investigating and working in this field.

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Section: Human Ipscs: Methods Of Generation and Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations

et al. 2019

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“…Table 1 lists some of the key studies in this field. The inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo contains embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can naturally form all organs and tissues found in the mature animal 53 . ESCs also have the ability for unlimited self-renewal, making them one variety of PSCs 53 .…”

Section: Question 1: Why Generate a New Human Kidney?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo contains embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can naturally form all organs and tissues found in the mature animal 53 . ESCs also have the ability for unlimited self-renewal, making them one variety of PSCs 53 . ESCs are isolated from early embryos; such research currently has ethical permission in only some countries and centers.…”

Section: Question 1: Why Generate a New Human Kidney?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing a new human kidney

Woolf

2019

Kidney International

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There are 3 reasons to generate a new human kidney. The first is to learn more about the biology of the developing and mature organ. The second is to generate tissues with which to model congenital and acquired kidney diseases. In particular, growing human kidneys in this manner ultimately should help us understand the mechanisms of common chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and others featuring fibrosis, as well as nephrotoxicity. The third reason is to provide functional kidney tissues that can be used directly in regenerative medicine therapies. The second and third reasons to grow new human kidneys are especially compelling given the millions of persons worldwide whose lives depend on a functioning kidney transplant or long-term dialysis, as well as those with end-stage renal disease who die prematurely because they are unable to access these treatments. As shown in this review, the aim to create healthy human kidney tissues has been partially realized. Moreover, the technology shows promise in terms of modeling genetic disease. In contrast, barely the first steps have been taken toward modeling nongenetic chronic kidney diseases or using newly grown human kidney tissue for regenerative medicine therapies.

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“…It is well known that the function of PSCs is regulated by many growth factors, including LIF, BMPs, FGF4, and their receptor-related signaling (Chen C.Y. et al, 2017;Hassani et al, 2019). PSCs express characteristic transcription factors, such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA Functions as a New Emerging Epigenetic Factor in Determining the Fate of Stem Cells

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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Pluripotent stem cells have broad applications in regenerative medicine and offer ideal models for understanding the biological process of embryonic development and specific diseases. Studies suggest that the self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation of stem cells are regulated by a complex network consisting of transcription factors, chromatin regulators, signaling factors, and non-coding RNAs. It is of great interest to identify RNA regulatory factors that determine the fate of stem cells. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a class of non-coding RNAs with more than 200 bp in length, has been shown to act as essential epigenetic regulators of stem cell pluripotency and specific lineage commitment. In this review, we focus on recent research progress related to the function and epigenetic mechanisms of lncRNA in determining the fate of stem cells, particularly pluripotency maintenance and lineage-specific differentiation. We discuss the role of the Oct4 and Sox2 promoter-interacting lncRNA as identified by Chromatin RNA In Situ reverse Transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq). Further understanding of their potential actions will provide a basis for the development of regenerative medicine for clinical application. This work offers comprehensive details and better understanding of the role of lncRNA in determining the fate of stem cells and paves the way for clinical stem cell applications.

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Transition of inner cell mass to embryonic stem cells: mechanisms, facts, and hypotheses

Cited by 37 publications

References 155 publications

Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations

Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations

Growing a new human kidney

LncRNA Functions as a New Emerging Epigenetic Factor in Determining the Fate of Stem Cells

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