Transition to a fully sustainable global energy system

Deng, Yvonne; Blok, Kornelis; Leun, K. van der

doi:10.1016/j.esr.2012.07.003

Cited by 83 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Institutional scenarios also fall into this group of single model scenarios. In some cases, the publishing institutions operate the core models used in the scenario construction process themselves (e.g., IEA, EIA), but additional expertise on specific subjects may be brought in from third parties (e.g., IEA World Energy Outlook, OECD Environmental Outlook), whereas in other cases they work with modeling teams from research institutions to design the scenarios according to their specifications (e.g., WEC, Greenpeace, WWF ). Although a large share of the scenarios is problem‐driven and published in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature, in particular, institutional scenarios are in several cases published on a more or less regular basis (e.g., the IEA's World Energy Outlook, the EIA's International Energy Outlook or the Shell energy scenarios).…”

Section: Scenario Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Global energy‐climate scenarios and models: a review

Krey

2014

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Long-term energy scenarios are an important input to policy-relevant assessment reports on climate change such as those produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the United Nations Environment Programme to just name a few examples. They are also used by government agencies to support their decision making in the context of climate change mitigation and other energyrelated challenges. In response to this demand, two broader categories of model development are currently pursued by the scientific community: (1) the degree of integration is increasing, in other words, the system boundaries of models are being extended, in particular to address the interlinkages between the energy, land, food, water, and climate more comprehensively and (2) the heterogeneity of the representation of various entities (e.g., spatial, sectoral, socio-economic) is increasing to adequately address distributional effects (e.g., countries within regions, urban vs rural areas, different types of households). Moreover, the energyclimate scenarios that are being developed are designed to be more 'realistic' by going beyond very stylized designs and integrate features that are observed in the real world. This includes delayed action on climate mitigation or fragmented approaches to mitigation that not only exclude major emitters from climate action, but also the exclusion of specific technologies from the portfolio of mitigation options in response to technical challenges or public acceptance issues. Finally, an attempt is made to summarize robust insights that have emerged from individual studies and particularly from modeling comparison exercises.as to government agencies directly. The majority of the existing energy scenario literature relies on formal quantitative models, although more qualitative approaches are also used. 2,5 Quantitative models are widely different in terms of their system boundaries, i.e., which natural, human and technical systems they cover, the detail of representation of various system parts and the (mathematical) solution concept. As a result, models have different strengths and weaknesses that are important to take into account when interpreting their results. 6 Modelers are typically well aware of the limitations of their models and results whereas users of model results are sometimes not-not only because of insufficient communication from the modelers, but also because of misunderstandings about the purpose of model-based scenario analyses (see Box 1) and lacking expertise of decision makers about the models and their results.

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Section: Scenario Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Global energy‐climate scenarios and models: a review

Krey

2014

WIREs Energy & Environment

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“…L ¼ Low, H ¼ High end of range given. 4 'Technical potential' in the SRREN study refers to a potential which considers technical limitations of biomass production and also takes into account competing demand for land for other production (e.g. for food, feed, fibre) or non-agricultural use (e.g.…”

Section: Available Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country-level assessment of long-term global bioenergy potential

Deng¹,

Koper

Haigh

et al. 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Available online Keywords:Bioenergy Potential Global Residues Crops a b s t r a c t Most long-term global energy scenarios rely on biomass for a variety of possible uses, but there is unlikely to be enough to replace the majority of fossil fuel use in all sectors.Improving the understanding of the sustainable and realistic potential for biomass is crucial.We present a comprehensive, country-based, bottom-up assessment of the land-based global biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) potential, taking into account a range of scenarios with varying yield gradients, land-use change and technology development, covering energy from both lignocellulosic and food crops as well as residues from agriculture and forestry. We have also gone beyond many other studies by analysing the potential for food crop based biofuels as well as lignocellulosic-sourced biofuels.We find a global biofuel supply potential increasing from 15e70 EJ final transport fuel energy (30e140 EJ primary energy) currently to 40e190 EJ (130e400 EJ) in 2070, depending on the development of land-use, productivity and technology mix. Over 3/4 of this potential comes from energy crops: up to 70% could come from food crops and at least 10% from lignocellulosic crops. The remaining quarter would be from agricultural and forestry residues. For comparison, current (2010) total global energy use (fuel, heat and electricity) stands at 365 EJ final energy (530 EJ primary energy). Depending on demand developments, countries such as Brazil or Russia could become net bioenergy exporters in the second half of the century, while others, such as India or Nigeria, may become net importers.

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“…The second signal comes from the fact that the global climate is now sensitive to the increasing level of energy consumption, which results in production of the thermal waste and carbon dioxide as a result of firing of hydrocarbon fuel, respectively. As a result, more and more discussions appear around the problems on whether an overall energy demand should be relaxed in spite of the growth of population and economy or the causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption will further persist . In this respect, renewable sources of energy, such as sun, wind, water streams, and tides, attract more and more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the options to soften the energy demands is to develop energy storage devices whose importance is not less than the development of new sources of energy itself. Energy storage not only reduces the mismatch between supply and demand but it also improves the performance and reliability of energy systems and plays an important role in conserving the obtained energy …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of solar energy storage

2019

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Energy storage is one of the most important energetic strategies of the mankind, along with other energy challenges, such as development of energy resources, energy conversion, and energy saving. The problem of energy storage is especially actual in respect to renewable sources of energy, such as sun, wind, tides, which have seasonal or diurnal variations and which therefore are not available at any moment of time. This article overviews the main principles of storage of solar energy for its subsequent long-term consumption. The methods are separated into two groups: the thermal and photonic methods of energy conversion. The comparison of efficiency of energy production and storage through natural and artificial photosynthesis, sensible and latent heat, chemisorptions and physisorption, chemical and electrochemical reactions is given.energy storage, photosynthesis, sensible heat, latent heat, chemical energy, rechargeable batteries

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Transition to a fully sustainable global energy system

Cited by 83 publications

References 21 publications

Global energy‐climate scenarios and models: a review

Global energy‐climate scenarios and models: a review

Country-level assessment of long-term global bioenergy potential

Principles of solar energy storage

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