Translational Research: Palatal-derived Ecto-mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Palate: A New Hope for Alveolar Bone and Cranio-Facial Bone Reconstruction

Abstract

The management of facial defects has rapidly changed in the last decade. Functional and esthetic requirements have steadily increased along with the refinements of surgery. In the case of advanced atrophy or jaw defects, extensive horizontal and vertical bone augmentation is often unavoidable to enable patients to be fitted with implants. Loss of vertical alveolar bone height is the most common cause for a non primary stability of dental implants in adults. At present, there is no ideal therapeutic approach to cure loss of vertical alveolar bone height and achieve optimal pre-implantological bone regeneration before dental implant placement. Recently, it has been found that specific populations of stem cells and/or progenitor cells could be isolated from different dental resources, namely the dental follicle, the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament. Our research group has cultured palatal-derived stem cells (paldSCs) as dentospheres and further differentiated into various cells of the neuronal and osteogenic lineage, thereby demonstrating their stem cell state. In this publication will be shown whether paldSCs could be differentiated into the osteogenic lineage and, if so, whether these cells are able to regenerate alveolar bone tissue in vivo in an athymic rat model. Furthermore, using these data we have started a proof of principle clinical- and histological controlled study using stem cell-rich palatal tissues for improving the vertical alveolar bone augmentation in critical size defects. The initial results of the study demonstrate the feasibility of using stem cell-mediated tissue engineering to treat alveolar bone defects in humans.

Comparison of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Palatal versus Lipoaspirated Adipose Tissue

“…Its capability for rapid regeneration may be explained by the potential presence of at least one stem cell type within the tissue or by the existence of growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor, in saliva [Grimm et al, 2014]. Previous research suggested that PAT provided an accessible source of MSCs, which could be used for tissue engineering and tissue regeneration of extraoral tissues in periodontal disease [Roman et al, 2013].…”

“…To date, stem cells have been isolated from a variety of oral tissues, including gingiva [Zhang et al, 2009], periodontal ligament (PDL) [Seo et al, 2004;Hakki et al, 2014], and palatal connective tissue [Roman et al, 2013;Grimm et al, 2014]. They have also been isolated from dental tissues, such as dental papilla [Ikeda et al, 2006], dental follicles [Morsczeck et al, 2005], dental pulp from natal teeth [Karaöz et al, 2010], deciduous teeth [Gronthos et al, 2000;Miura et al, 2003], and adult teeth [Hakki et al, 2015].…”

“…However, a large number of cells cannot be isolated from palatal adipose tissue (PAT) at the time of surgery or during liposuction unless the cells are maintained in cell culture dishes. Previous studies showed that autologous MSCs isolated from PAT might have potential in the regeneration of alveolar and craniofacial bone, periodontal treatment, and gingival recession treatment [Köseoğlu et al, 2013;Grimm et al, 2014].…”

Subantral augmentation with porous titanium in experiment and clinic

“…Однако объем донорской кости в полости рта ограничен, взятие аутотрансплантата внеротовым способом сопряжено с дополнительной операционной травмой и привлечением специалистов из смежных об-ластей медицины [8,9]. К недостаткам аллогенных и синтетических остеопластических материалов относят-ся иммунный ответ, инфицирование, низкие прочност-ные характеристики, длительный срок резорбции и не-достаточная первичная стабильность дентальных им-плантатов, устанавливаемых в области синус-лифтинга [10,14].…”

Histochemical characteristics of reparative dentinogenesis of the tooth pulp when using tissue -engineered structures

“…Особенностью коллагена считается его способность образовывать комплексы с лекарствен-ными и биологически активными веществами, что дает возможность создания лекарственных препа-ратов пролонгированного действия, в которых кол-лаген играет роль депо. Перспективным также явля-ется использование коллагеновой губки в качестве матрицы-носителя для различных тканеинженерных конструкций [9, 10, 12]. Важной задачей является контроль эффективности использования подобных средств на клеточном уровне.…”