Transmission Electron Microscopy of Carbon: A Brief History

Harris, Peter

doi:10.3390/c4010004

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The separation distance between walls of adjacent nanotubes was estimated to be 0.34 nm. However, many years before the Iijima discovery, in 1976, Oberlin et al [99] presented similar TEM images, which are shown in Figure 28b. The resolution of electron microscopes available at that time did not allow to "see" the structure of carbon walls in such objects and the Iijima HRTEM observations led to correct description of the CNT structure.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenementioning

confidence: 81%

“…Review articles on application of TEM for structural studies of carbon nanomaterials have been already published [94][95][96][97][98][99]. Therefore, in the last two sections we will focus only on some selected issues which may be confronted with achievements of powder XRD and ND in characterization of carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamonds, and nanoonions.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of Carbon Materials Explored by Local Transmission Electron Microscopy and Global Powder Diffraction Probes

Jurkiewicz

Pawlyta

Burian

2018

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Transmission electron microscopy and neutron or X-ray diffraction are powerful techniques available today for characterization of the structure of various carbon materials at nano and atomic levels. They provide complementary information but each one has advantages and limitations. Powder X-ray or neutron diffraction measurements provide structural information representative for the whole volume of a material under probe but features of singular nano-objects cannot be identified. Transmission electron microscopy, in turn, is able to probe single nanoscale objects. In this review, it is demonstrated how transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray and neutron diffraction methods complement each other by providing consistent structural models for different types of carbons such as carbon blacks, glass-like carbons, graphene, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and nanoonions.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Carbon Materials Explored by Local Transmission Electron Microscopy and Global Powder Diffraction Probes

Jurkiewicz

Pawlyta

Burian

2018

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“…Most of the spectra presented a 2D/G ratio lower than one, as shown in Figure 3. Nevertheless, the 2D peak related to this distribution fitted with multiple Lorentians (2-4), suggesting the presence of a few graphite layers (mostly bi and three-layered) [25,26]. On the other side, it is worth noticing that films with a concentration of 33% of graphene showed as well normally distributed features owing to the graphene.…”

Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 91%

Morphological and Radio Frequency Characterization of Graphene Composite Films

Quaranta

Miscuglio

Bayat

et al. 2018

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Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms which exhibits remarkable electronic and mechanical properties. Graphene based nano-materials have gained a lot of interest for many applications. In this paper, inks with three different graphene concentrations (12.5, 25, and 33 wt % in graphene) were prepared and deposited by screen printing. A detailed investigation of films' surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed that the graphene films present a homogeneous dispersion of the filler with a comparatively lower surface roughness at higher concentrations and negligible agglomerates. The films were then printed between copper electrodes on FR-4 substrate (trade name for glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material), commonly used in Radio Frequency (RF) circuits, and the measured scattering parameters analyzed. Finally, the reflection coefficient of a patch antenna, fabricated on FR-4 substrate with and without a stub loaded by a thin film were measured. The difference of the resonant frequency due to the different interaction between graphene flakes and polymer binders shows attractive features of functionalized graphene films for chemical and bio-sensing applications.

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“…Thin section of the sample was prepared by a process known as ultramicrotomy, sections of 50-70 nm thickness were collected on metal mesh 'grids'; and TEM studies were performed (25,26) .…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation the Improvement of Teniposide Solubility by Incorporation into Acid Treated Carbon Nanotube and Dispersed by Hydrophilic Polymer

abood

Ghareeb²,

Abdulrasool³

2019

IJPS

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Single Walled Carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), as nano-needle structures, are good candidates as nanocarrier delivery systems that carry drug to the site of action. They are good due to their unique pharmaceutical properties. Teniposide is an anticancer drug, which is widely used, but it has a problem of low solubility. In this study, to improve the properties of carbon nanotubes, pre-functionalization of carbon nanotubes via carboxylation with strong acids has been performed and then functionalized through attaching them to the polymer and copolymer. Concurrently, a proper polymer-copolymer combination has been selected by the UV-Visible spectrometer at 880nm. It is selected based on the qualitative dispersibility analysis, the visual observation of homogeneity, and separation tendency after centrifugation while quantitative estimation. The best formula is further studied utilizing FTIR, SEM, TEM, the solubility of Teniposide, and cytotoxicity through cell lines analysis. The results show that the best dispersibility obtained in the formula that used PVA as polymer and PEO as copolymer at a ratio of 1:1. The solubility of incorporated Teniposide in the selected formula is increased by 11.5 fold and the cell line study shows significant improvement in cytotoxic activity of Teniposide. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the acid treated carbon nanotube and linked by polymer improve the pharmaceutical properties of the carrier and actively increase the potency of drug.

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Transmission Electron Microscopy of Carbon: A Brief History

Cited by 44 publications

References 87 publications

Structure of Carbon Materials Explored by Local Transmission Electron Microscopy and Global Powder Diffraction Probes

Structure of Carbon Materials Explored by Local Transmission Electron Microscopy and Global Powder Diffraction Probes

Morphological and Radio Frequency Characterization of Graphene Composite Films

Investigation the Improvement of Teniposide Solubility by Incorporation into Acid Treated Carbon Nanotube and Dispersed by Hydrophilic Polymer

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