Transmission ofPepino mosaic virusby the Fungal VectorOlpidium virulentus

Abstract

Transmission of Pepino mosaic virus by the Fungal Vector Olpidium virulentus A Ana na A Alfaro lfaro-F -Fernandez erná ndez, , M Marıa aría del del C Carmen armen C Cordoba ó rdoba-S -Selles ellés, , J Jose osé A Á ngel ngel H Herrera errera-V -Vasquez á squez, , M Marıa del aría del C Carmen armen C Cebrian ebriá n and and C Concepcion oncepció n J Abstract Transmission of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) by the fungal vector Olpidium virulentus was studied in two experiments. Two characterized cultures of the fungus were used as stock cultures for the assay: culture A was from lettuce roots collected in Castello´n (Spain), and culture B was from tomato roots collected in Murcia (Spain). These fungal cultures were maintained in their original host and irrigated with sterile water. The drainage water collected from irrigating these stock cultures was used for watering PepMV-infected and non-infected tomato plants to constitute the acquisition-source plants of the assay, which were divided into six different plots: plants containing fungal culture A (non-infected and PepMV-infected); plants containing fungal culture B (non-infected and PepMVinfected); PepMV-infected plants without the fungus; and plants non-infected either with PepMV and the fungus. Thirty-six healthy plants grouped into six plots, which constituted the virus acquisition-transmission plants of the assay, were irrigated with different drainage waters obtained by watering the different plots of the acquisition-source plants. PepMV was only transmitted to plants irrigated with the drainage water collected from PepMV-infected plants whose roots contained the fungal culture B from tomato with a transmission rate of 8%. No infection was detected in plants irrigated with the drainage water collected from plots with only a fungus or virus infection. Both the virus and fungus were detected in water samples collected from the drainage water of the acquisitionsource plants of the assay. These transmission assays demonstrated the possibility of PepMV transmission by O. virulentus collected from tomato crops.

Survival and Transmission of Potato Virus Y, Pepino Mosaic Virus, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Water

“…Alfaro-Fernández et al (11) reported that PepMV-EU can reach a transmission rate of 8% when healthy tomato plants are irrigated with drainage water collected from PepMV-EU-infected plants when their roots contain the fungal vector Olpidium virulentus. However, drainage water obtained from vector-free PepMV-EU-infected plants did not result in transmission of this virus to healthy tomato plants.…”

“…PepMV can survive and remain infectious for several weeks in plant debris and on contaminated surfaces (10). To date, information on water-mediated transmission of PepMV has only been available for genotype PepMV-EU (11,12). PVY NTN isolates are the main cause of potato tuber necrotic ring spot disease (13), which is one of the greatest problems in potato production.…”

Plant to Plant Movement

“…It is suggested that this coiled-coil might mediate the interaction between 2b and CPs. Species in the chytrid genus Olpidium transmit viruses with isometric particles, with the exception of the potexvirus PepMV being transmitted by O. virulentus (Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2010), while species in two plasmodiophorid genera (Polymyxa and Spongospora) transmit rod-shaped or filamentous viruses (Table 12.8). Rochon et al, 2004) Several viruses are transmitted by soil-inhabiting fungi or protists.…”

Olive mild mosaic virus transmission by Olpidium virulentus

“…(HerreraVasquez et al 2009). Molecular identification has allowed the determination of O. brassicae as a vector of OMMV (Varanda et al 2011b) and O. virulentus as a vector of Tobacco stunt virus, Pepino mosaic virus, of a dianthovirus causing the necrotic streak of fique and of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus and Lettuce big-vein associated virus (Sasaya and Koganezawa 2006;Alfaro-Fernandez et al 2010;Gonzalez et al 2010;Maccarone et al 2010).…”