Transmission of plant viruses through soil-inhabiting nematode vectors

Singh, Shyam; Awasthi, L. P.; Jangre, Anjeet; Nirmalkar, Vinod Kumar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818654-1.00022-0

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some viruses are spread by vectors, which can include pathogenic fungi (Andika et al, 2017;Sutela et al, 2019), oomycetes (Mascia et al, 2019), and nematodes (Brown et al, 1989;Singh S. et al, 2020). Bidirectional transfer between Fusarium graminearum and tobacco plants of hop stunt vi roid (HSVd) during infection was shown by Wei et al (2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid between <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and host plants

et al. 2022

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Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a naked, circular, single-stranded RNA (356–363 nucleotides in length) which lacks any protein-coding sequences. It is an economically important pathogen and is classified as a high-risk plant quarantine disease. Moreover, it is known that PSTVd is mechanically transmitted by vegetative plant propagation through infected pollen, and by aphids. The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of viroid transmission by potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. PSTVd-infected (strain VP87) potato cultivars Gala, Colomba, and Riviera were inoculated with P. infestans isolate PiVZR18, and in 7 days, after the appearance of symptoms, re-isolation of P. infestans on rye agar was conducted. RT-PCR diagnostics of PSTVd in a mixture of mycelia and sporangia were positive after 14 days of cultivation on rye agar. The PSTVd-infected P. infestans isolate PiVZR18v+ was used to inoculate the healthy, viroid-free plants of potato cv. Gala and tomato cv. Zagadka. After 60 days, an amplification fragment of PSTVd was detected in the tissues of one plant of tomato cv. Zagadka by RT-PCR with the primer set P3/P4, indicating successful transmission of PSTVd by P. infestans isolate PiVZR18v+. This result was confirmed by sequencing of the RT-PCR amplicon with primers P3/P4. The partial sequence of this amplicon was identical (99.5 %) to PSTVd strain VP87. RT-PCR showed the possibility of viroid stability in a pure culture of P. infestans isolate PiVZR18v+ after three consecutive passages on rye agar. PSTVd was not detected after the eighth passage on rye agar in P. infestans subculture. These results are initial evidence of potato viroid PSTVd being bidirectionally transferred between P. infestans and host plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid between <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and host plants

et al. 2022

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“…), pero también escarabajos, ácaros, nematodos, plantas parásitas, malezas, hongos y protistas. Sin embargo, la transmisión viral en tabaco también puede ocurrir por contacto mecánico, semilla botánica (sexual) y polen 99,[126][127][128][129][130][131] . Los vectores pueden transmitir virus de manera persistente, semipersitente y no persistente.…”

Section: Transmisión De Virus En Plantas De Tabacounclassified

Virosis en el cultivo del tabaco

Ganchozo-Mendoza,

J. Flores,

Garcés-Fiallos

2023

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El tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) es un cultivo industrial de importancia económica y una planta modelo importante, cultivada ampliamente en muchos países. Su producción, rendimiento y calidad se han visto gravemente afectados por una serie de factores entre las que destacan las infecciones virales. Hasta el momento se han reportado más de 60 virus pertenecientes a 20 géneros que infectan y provocan pérdidas sustanciales de rendimiento en tabaco. Los genomas de estos fitopatógenos pueden ser de ADN o ARN, distribuyéndose en varias partículas virales (monopartito, bipartito o tripartito). En su gran mayoría, las infecciones virales en tabaco son ocasionadas por virus de ARN monocatenarios de sentido positivo (ARN +) como los pertenecientes al género Tobamovirus y Cucumovirus. No obstante, los Begomovirus (virus de ADN) también impactan económicamente el cultivo de tabaco. Esta revisión enlista los principales virus de ADN y ARN que infectan plantas de tabaco, así como sus vectores más relevantes. Además, se abordan las técnicas de detección y diagnóstico que se han desarrollado continuamente para identificar correctamente las enfermedades virales asociadas al cultivo de tabaco. Palabras clave: Nicotiana tabacum L., virus de plantas, incidencia de virus, detección y diagnóstico viral

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“…The most commonly known plant virus vectors are insects of the orders Hemiptera (aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and plant bugs) and Thysanoptera (thrips), and mites of the families Eriophyidae, Tenuipalpidae, and Tetranychidae [ 4 , 60 ]. Plant-parasitic nematodes that are known to transmit plant viruses belong to the order of Dorylaimida and are limited to the families of Longidoridae and Trichodoridae [ 11 ]. Few species of these groups have been shown to transmit viruses in raspberry ( Table 2 ), but several include virus vectors in blackberry and is thus likely to harbor potential vectors in raspberry as well.…”

Section: Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors Of Raspberry Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the process of virus transmission by nematodes is divided into six phases, which begin with (1) ingestion of virus particles from an infected plant, (2) acquisition, (3) adsorption, (4) retention, (5) release of virus from retention site in the nematode, and lastly (6) transfer and establishment, where the virus particles are transferred to healthy plant cells and replication of these viruses occur which lead to a successful infection [ 5 ]. The plant-parasitic nematodes from the order of Dorylaimida and Triplonchida are proven to transmit plant viruses, mostly tobraviruses and nepoviruses [ 11 ]. Thus far, only 14 out of approximately 75 species in the genera of Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus from the order of Triplochida, and a few out of 350 described species in the genera of Xiphinema , Longidorus, and Paralongidorus from the order of Dorylaimida have been proven as plant virus vectors [ 9 ].…”

Section: Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors Of Raspberry Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nematodes require a minimum period (ranging from few minutes to hours) to acquire viruses from infected plants and they are able to retain them for months or years. Furthermore, virus particles are retained on the esophageal surface of the nematode during ingestion of plant cell contents and if it is not bound, the virus particles will be digested in the intestine and excreted [ 11 ]. However, the virus particles will be lost after molting, and are not passed on to, or retained in eggs [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors of Raspberry Viruses

Tan

Trandem

Fráňová

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The estimated global production of raspberry from year 2016 to 2020 averaged 846,515 tons. The most common cultivated Rubus spp. is European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus). Often cultivated for its high nutritional value, the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is susceptible to multiple viruses that lead to yield loss. These viruses are transmitted through different mechanisms, of which one is invertebrate vectors. Aphids and nematodes are known to be vectors of specific raspberry viruses. However, there are still other potential raspberry virus vectors that are not well-studied. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies related to this topic. All the known invertebrates feeding on raspberry were summarized. Eight species of aphids and seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes were the only proven raspberry virus vectors. In addition, the eriophyid mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis, has been suggested as the natural vector of raspberry leaf blotch virus based on the current available evidence. Interactions between vector and non-vector herbivore may promote the spread of raspberry viruses. As a conclusion, there are still multiple aspects of this topic that require further studies to get a better understanding of the interactions among the viral pathogens, invertebrate vectors, and non-vectors in the raspberry agroecosystem. Eventually, this will assist in development of better pest management strategies.

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Transmission of plant viruses through soil-inhabiting nematode vectors

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid between <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and host plants

Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid between <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and host plants

Virosis en el cultivo del tabaco

Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors of Raspberry Viruses

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