Transplantation of engineered bone tissue using a rotary three-dimensional culture system

Abstract

Bone is a complex, highly structured, mechanically active, three-dimensional (3-D) tissue composed of cellular and matrix elements. We previously published a report on in situ collagen gelation using a rotary 3-D culture system (CG-RC system) for the construction of large tissue specimens. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of bone tissue engineering using our CG-RC system. Osteoblasts from the calvaria of newborn Wistar rats were cultured in the CG-RC system for up to 3 wk. The engineered 3-D tissues were implanted into the backs of nude mice and calvarial round bone defects in Wistar rats. Cell metabolic activity, mineralization, and bone-related proteins were measured in vitro in the engineered 3-D tissues. Also, the in vivo histological features of the transplanted, engineered 3-D tissues were evaluated in the animal models. We found that metabolic activity increased in the engineered 3-D tissues during cultivation, and that sufficient mineralization occurred during the 3 wk in the CG-RC system in vitro. One mo posttransplantation, the transplants to nude mice remained mineralized and were well invaded by host vasculature. Of particular interest, 2 mo posttransplantation, the transplants into the calvarial bone defects of rats were replaced by new mature bone. Thus, this study shows that large 3-D osseous tissue could be produced in vitro and that the engineered 3-D tissue had in vivo osteoinductive potential when transplanted into ectopic locations and into bone defects. Therefore, this system should be a useful model for bone tissue engineering.

From the macroscale to nanostructures: can tissue engineering recreate bone features?

“…density, surface conformation, size, interaction with fluid flow and relative deleterious forces). Even if not always easy to use for growing large engineered tissue masses, Hidaka and co-workers succeeded in transplanting RCCS TM -engineered bone tissue in a rat calvarial bone defect, since this neo-tissue was further replaced by a mature bone after 2 months [119]. Song and co-workers [120] performed a comparative study between static conditions (T-Flasks), and dynamic conditions (spinner flasks and RCCS TM bioreactors).…”

Therapeutic potential of stem cell in liver regeneration

“…Tissue engineering involves a scaffold imitating the architecture of tissue-specific extracellular matrix that is seeded with tissue-specific cells. This technique has already been successfully used to synthesize experimental replacement for simple tissues, such as skin, bone, and fat [60]. At present, tissue engineering is still far from successful in generating tissues for therapeutic replacement of highly complicated structures, such as kidney, liver, or intestine.…”

Tissue Engineering in der Orthopädischen Chirurgie - Klinischer Effekt und Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse der autologen Chondrozytentransplantation im Kurz- und Langzeitmodell

“…Dies wird als Tissue Engineering bezeichnet. Während die Anwendung dieser Methoden für Meniskusschäden [2,3], Ligamentruptur [4 -6] und ossäre Defekte [7,8] gerade erst in die klinische Phase kommt, gibt es bereits seit 1994 Erfahrungen mit verschiedenen Formen der autologen Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) [9]. Wie von jeder anderen Therapie wird auch von dieser Technik eine Verminderung des Schmerzes, eine Verbesserung der Funktion und ein lange Beständigkeit der Ergebnisse gefordert um einen Einsatz zu befürworten.…”