Transport of black carbon from planetary boundary layer to free troposphere during the summer monsoon over South Asia

Singh, Prashant; Sarawade, Pradip B.; Adhikary, Bhupesh

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104761

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The BOCS burdens are characterized by different seasonal patterns, with the higher values in summer than that in winter inside and outside the TP. This is because (1) anticyclonic circulation and weak convection appear over the India in winter (Singh et al ., 2020); (2) the humid weather conditions in summer are conducive to enhance the size of the hydrophilic aerosols, such as sulphate (Fang et al ., 2019), which occurs the distribution of the BOCS burden is more dispersed in the whole region and the value of that is higher in summer than winter. In southeastern outside the TP, the BOCS burdens are relatively higher (>30 mg m −2 ) in spring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of AN_out_TP on BOCS AOD is stronger than that on surface concentration over the TP, which accounts for above 95% in autumn over the western TP. This is mainly due to a significant amount of aerosol can easily be transported in the high convection seasons from the surface to the free troposphere (Singh et al ., 2020). Many studies have indicated that more BC over the TP are transported from Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe by westerlies in monsoon season (Yang et al ., 2018b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling study on the source contribution to aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau

Zhao

Dai

Wang

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Understanding the source of atmospheric aerosol is an essential step in determining the aerosol radiative effect over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study aims to clarify the contributions of anthropogenic and natural emission to the aerosols (carbonaceous and sulphate) characteristics inside the TP. An aerosol model named Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) recently coupled to the climate model named Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System (CAS‐FGOALS‐f3‐L) is used to simulate meteorological conditions and aerosols from 1985 to 2013, given emissions from the sixth phase of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Comparisons between the simulations and ERA5 reanalysis data present that the model can capture the key spatial and temporal features of meteorological elements (2‐m temperature, relative humidity, and wind field at 500 hPa) over the Asia. Subsequently, we conduct six sensitivity studies to quantify the contributions of sources to aerosol surface concentration, burden and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the TP. Our results illustrate that the outside and local anthropogenic sources contribute about 75.2% (78.9% in summer and 66.6% in winter) and 13.5% (7.4% in summer and 24.0% in winter) to the annual mean aerosols surface concentrations over the TP. The outside anthropogenic sources contribute to AODs in TP up to 87.3% (93.9% in autumn and 80.6% in winter). The ascending air over the TP is conducive to the transportation of the outsource pollutions to the TP. The outside natural sources (refer to biomass burning sources) contribute about 10% to aerosols over TP, and the inside natural sources play minor roles. The black carbon, organic carbon and sulphate (BOCS) induce average radiative forcing of −0.7 W m−2 at the near surface over the TP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling study on the source contribution to aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau

Zhao

Dai

Wang

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…S2). CALIPSO derived aerosol profiles in spring 2013 also show plumes reaching up to approximately 7 km (400 hPa) (Singh et al, 2020). Unlike the Indochina region, BB carbonaceous aerosols over Indo-Gangetic plain do not reach the lowermost stratosphere during the spring season.…”

Section: Impact Of Bb Carbonaceous Aerosol On Radiative Forcingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These are significant fractions of the global BB emissions of BC (~2.8-4.9 Tg yr -1 ) and OC (~31-36 Tg yr -1 ), respectively (Andreae, 2019). Recently, Wu et al (2018) and Singh et al (2020) reported ~83% of the carbonaceous aerosol mass is emitted from open fires over South and East Asia. Within Asia, BB carbonaceous aerosol emissions from East Asia (BC:110 Gg, OC:730 Gg) are larger than over India (BC:83 Gg, OC:650 Gg) and the Indochina region (BC:40 Gg, OC:310 Gg) (Streets et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the UTLS in spring: Radiative effects seen in a global model

Chavan¹,

Chakroborty²,

Sioris³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) over Asia is a strong source of carbonaceous aerosols during spring. From ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model simulations and satellite observations, we show that there is an outflow of Asian BB carbonaceous aerosols into the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) (black carbon: 0.1 to 4 ng m−3 and organic carbon: 0.6 to 9 ng m−3) during the spring season. The model simulations show that the greatest transport of BB carbonaceous aerosols into the UTLS occurs from the Indochina and East Asia region by deep convection over the maritime continent that extends to the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. The increase in BB carbonaceous aerosols enhances atmospheric heating by 0.002 to 0.02 K day−1 in the UTLS. The aerosol-induced heating and circulation changes increase the water vapour mixing ratios in the upper troposphere (20–80 ppmv) and in the lowermost stratosphere (0.02–0.3 ppmv) over the tropics. Once in the lower stratosphere, water vapour is further transported to the South Pole by the lowermost branch of Brewer-Dobson circulation. These aerosols enhance the in-atmosphere radiative forcing (0.68 ± 0.25 W m−2 to 5.30 ± 0.37 W m−2), exacerbating atmospheric warming but produce cooling effect on climate (TOA: −2.38 ± 0.12 W m−2 to −7.08 ± 0.72 W m−2). The model simulations also show that Asian carbonaceous aerosols are transported to the Arctic in the troposphere. The maximum enhancement in aerosol extinction is seen at 400 hPa (by 0.0093 km−1) and associated heating rates at 300 hPa (by 0.032 K day−1) at the Arctic.

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“…emitted from the power, industrial, transport, and domestic sectors in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (Saikawa et al, 2019) are transported to the high-altitude Himalaya by the southwest Indian Summer Monsoon (Cristofanelli et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2020). Given that the presence of anthropogenic emission residues on the Himalaya is linked to driving climate change, enhanced glacier melting, and downstream water resources, the ambient air and its suspended particulate 10 matter in high-altitude Himalayan sites have been intensely monitored over last few decades for greenhouse gases such as CO x , NO x , SO 2 , BC, and PM 2.5 (Ran et al, 2014;Rupakheti et al, 2017;Shrestha et al, 2010;Stockwell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmium isotope and trace elements reveal melting of Chhota Shigri Glacier, western Himalaya, insensitive to anthropogenic emission residues

Nizam

Sen

Shukla

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The western Himalaya glaciers seasonally melt, in part, controlled by the presence of ice surface impurities in the form of dust, organic, and inorganic particles. The hitherto knowledge that dark-colored impurities on the ice surface are a mechanistic driver of heat absorption and thus enhancing ice mass wasting makes understanding the concentrations, origin, and pathways of emission residues on the glacier surface a global concern to conserve the Himalayan ice mass that provides water to more than one billion people. Yet, the source, origin, and pathways of metal impurities on the ice surface of Himalayan glaciers remain poorly constrained. Here, we present major and trace element geochemistry, rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotopes composition of cryoconite – a dark-colored aggregate of mineral and organic materials – on the ablation zone of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (CSG) considered as a benchmark glacier for process understanding in the western Himalaya. We find that the cryoconite possesses elemental ratios and crustal enrichment factor that reveal a predominant crustal source. Further, the 187Os/188Os composition in cryoconite varies from non-radiogenic (0.36) to radiogenic (1.31) compositions. Using a three-component isotope mixing model we show that the Os in cryoconite is dominantly derived from local rocks with negligible input from anthropogenic Os sources. Given that the CSG has limited debris cover (~ 3.4 %) and the near absence of anthropogenically derived particles; our results suggests that dark-colored surficial deposits of anthropogenic dust particles are not one of the significant drivers of glacier melting in the western Himalaya, as observed elsewhere.

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Transport of black carbon from planetary boundary layer to free troposphere during the summer monsoon over South Asia

Cited by 25 publications

References 105 publications

Modelling study on the source contribution to aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau

Modelling study on the source contribution to aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the UTLS in spring: Radiative effects seen in a global model

Osmium isotope and trace elements reveal melting of Chhota Shigri Glacier, western Himalaya, insensitive to anthropogenic emission residues

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