Transport of Electrolyte in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Kunz, H. R.

doi:10.1149/1.2100384

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…At the cathode-matrix interface, the carbonate ionic current is the total cell current at steady state. This current can be used to calculate the electrolyte velocity (10)…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nickel Oxide Cathode Dissolution on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Life

Kunz¹,

Pandolfo²

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The dissolution of lithiated nickel oxide cathodes results in a transport of nickel into the fuel cell matrix and can result in an electronic short circuit between the electrodes. A theoretical analysis was developed for this process, accounting for the dissolution, diffusion, transference, and convection of nickel. Experimental data obtained on post-test nickel content in matrices and shorting time were found to be correlated by this theory, except for a current density effect that was underpredicted. This poor prediction of the current density effect is postulated to be caused by cation segregation during cell operation. These results enable the estimation of matrix nickel content and shorting time as a function of cell design and operating conditions.

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“…At the cathode-matrix interface, the carbonate ionic current is the total cell current at steady state. This current can be used to calculate the electrolyte velocity (10)…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nickel Oxide Cathode Dissolution on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Life

Kunz¹,

Pandolfo²

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…For instance, experimental data shows that the mobility of K + is actually higher than that of Li + , although one would not derive this from the above formula. 49 From experimental data, it appears that the sulfide mobility is lower than this theory suggests. Nevertheless, migration may dominate the sulfide transport process in some regions of the membrane, especially where sulfide concentration is high.…”

Section: Appendix D Derivation Of Ionic Flux Equationmentioning

confidence: 97%

HIGH TEMPERATURE REMOVAL OF H{sub 2}S FROM COAL GASIFICATION PROCESS STREAMS USING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Winnick¹,

Liu²

2003

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“…Kunz addressed the migration of electrolyte along external pathways, primarily along manifold gaskets, in 1987. (11) Having recognized the problem, significant progress has been made reducing electrolyte loss via creep, but the problem has not completely disappeared.…”

Section: Gap-need For Increased Stack and Cell Endurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Molten Carbonate and Phosphoric Acid Stationary Fuel Cells: Overview and Gap Analysis

Remick¹,

Wheeler²

2010

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Executive SummaryTechnical and cost gap analyses were performed to identify pathways for reducing the costs of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) stationary fuel cell power plants. The MCFC analysis was performed by Dr. Robert Remick at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the PAFC analysis was performed by Douglas Wheeler of DJW Technology, LLC. The MCFC developer, FuelCell Energy, Inc., of Danbury, Connecticut, provided information on the current costs of manufacturing their products and shared their vision for reducing costs by 2020. The PAFC developer, UTC Power, Inc., provided insight into opportunities for cost reduction that could yield to additional technology advancement, but were more circumspect in providing proprietary cost data. This gap analysis is the follow-on to the results obtained at the MCFC/PAFC Research and Development (R&D) Workshop held in Palm Springs, California, on November 16, 2009, as a pre-meeting to the Fuel Cell Seminar.No single issue was identified in the MCFC analysis presented here that could achieve major cost reductions. However, results show that significant cost reductions can be achieved through technical advancements on several fronts. The three most important MCFC R&D areas to be addressed are 1) extending stack life to 10 years, 2) increasing power density by 20%, and 3) significantly reducing the cost for contaminant removal from fuel streams, especially from renewable fuel streams. Results also support, to some extent, the claim that volume production will bring down costs. However, even under the most optimistic circumstances, it is not likely that first costs for an MCFC power plant can be brought much below $2,000/kW.One issue identified in the PAFC analysis that certainly ranks high is platinum costs. At 10% to 15% of the current installed costs of a PAFC power plant, platinum costs represent an Achilles heel of the PAFC technology, as pointed out in the MCFC/PAFC Workshop. In the case of the current PAFC power plants marketed by UTC Power, a reduction in fabrication costs also represents an opportunity for cost reduction. Here, cost reduction can be achieved through innovative redesign of processes and formulations to lower the cost of manufacturing the PAFCs. As with the MCFC power plant, an increase in PAFC power density would help reduce costs. In this instance, solving the anion adsorption problem at the fuel cell cathode would bring about a 20% increase in power density and a concomitant decrease in the cost per kilowatt of the existing technology. It is also important to note that no clear pathway was identified for the PAFC that would lead to power plant costs below $2,000/kW.One of the most important issues identified, and one that is not specific to any fuel cell type, is contaminant removal. Development of a cost-effective process for removing contaminants, especially those found in renewable fuels, would have an impact well beyond the fuel cell communities. , is currently marketing a 400-kW PAFC p...

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Transport of Electrolyte in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

The Effects of Nickel Oxide Cathode Dissolution on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Life

The Effects of Nickel Oxide Cathode Dissolution on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Life

HIGH TEMPERATURE REMOVAL OF H{sub 2}S FROM COAL GASIFICATION PROCESS STREAMS USING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Molten Carbonate and Phosphoric Acid Stationary Fuel Cells: Overview and Gap Analysis

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