Transport of Lincomycin to Surface and Ground Water from Manure‐amended Cropland

Abstract

Livestock manure containing antimicrobials becomes a possible source of these compounds to surface and ground waters when applied to cropland as a nutrient source. The potential for transport of the veterinary antimicrobial lincomycin to surface waters via surface runoff and to leach to ground water was assessed by monitoring manure-amended soil, simulated rainfall runoff, snowmelt runoff, and ground water over a 2-yr period in Saskatchewan, Canada, after fall application of liquid swine manure to cropland. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify lincomycin in all matrix extracts. Initial concentrations in soil (46.3-117 mug kg(-1)) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) for manure application rates ranging from 60,000 to 95,000 L ha(-1) and had decreased to nondetectable levels by mid-summer the following year. After fall manure application, lincomycin was present in all simulated rainfall runoff (0.07-2.7 mug L(-1)) and all snowmelt runoff (0.038-3.2 mug L(-1)) samples. Concentrations in snowmelt runoff were not significantly different from those in simulated rainfall runoff the previous fall. On average, lincomycin concentrations in ephemeral wetlands dissipated by 50% after 31 d. Concentrations of lincomycin in ground water were generally <0.005 mug L(-1). This study demonstrates that the management practice of using livestock manure from confined animal feeding operations as a plant nutrient source on cropland may result in antimicrobial transport to surface and ground waters.

Quantification of lincomycin resistance genes associated with lincomycin residues in waters and soils adjacent to representative swine farms in China

“…Concentrations of lincomycin in the A-w sample and B-w, C-w, D-w, E-w samples detected in this study were similar to previous studies of liquid swine manure and ground water from manure-amended cropland, respectively (Kuchta and Cessna, 2009a; Kuchta et al, 2009). However, lincomycin residues in soil samples were higher than that in manure-amended soil reported previously (Kuchta et al, 2009). Lincomycin residues declined substantially downstream of site A probably as a result of dilution.…”

“…Previous studies indicated that antibiotic residues in the environment (soil and water) could affect the selection and dissemination of resistance genes, and promote or inhibit ecological functions (Ghosh and Lapara, 2007; Naslund et al, 2008; Schauss et al, 2009; Ding and He, 2010). Therefore, long-term use of lincomycin, coupled with its slow degradation in soil and water (Kuchta et al, 2009; Williams and McLain, 2012) could potentially lead to the selection of resistant bacteria species and the transfer of ARGs located in transferable elements (Looft et al, 2012). This hypothesis will be investigated in future work.…”

Persistence of the antimicrobials lincomycin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamethazine in prairie wetlands

“…In Canada, antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine are administered to livestock at therapeutic levels to treat disease and at subtherapeutic levels to increase weight gain through increased feed efficiency (Sarmah, Meyer, & Boxall, ). As a result, antimicrobials have been shown to be present in beef cattle (Cessna et al., ; Sura et al., ), poultry (Karci & Balcioǧlu, ; Martínez‐Carballo, González‐Barreiro, Scharf, & Gans, ), and swine (Kuchta, Cessna, Elliott, Peru, & Headley, ; Martínez‐Carballo et al., ) manure.…”

“…Consequently, application of raw or processed (composted or stockpiled) manure to fertilize agricultural land is a major route by which antimicrobials enter the broader environment. Subsequent transport of antimicrobials in snowmelt or rainfall runoff from manure‐amended crop (Amarakoon et al., ; Dolliver & Gupta, ; Hoese et al., ; Kuchta et al., ) or grass land (Burkhardt, Stamm, Waul, Singer, & Müller, ; Kuchta & Cessna, ; Stoob, Singer, Mueller, Schwarzenbach, & Stamm, ), and from feedlots (Sura et al., ) and manure composting and stockpiling facilities (Dolliver & Gupta, ; Sura et al., ) can lead to their presence in surface receiving waters.…”

Inclusion of antibiotics in feed alters greenhouse gas emissions from feedlot manure during composting

“…In contrast, Dolliver et al (2008) reported that antibiotic degradation was similar whether manure was stockpiled, composted by active mixing or composted in-vessel. The slow degradation of antibiotics in manure at low temperatures (Arikan et al 2009a, b) could be a concern in the northern USA and Canada where livestock manure is often applied in late fall, raising the possibility that antibiotics could persist in manured soil for a considerable period of time (Kuchta et al 2009). …”