“…Similarly, lots of work have been published with the surface of graphite tube modified, mainly covered with refractory carbides that, besides improving atomization conditions, increases considerable the life cycle of the tube. Works have been published for the formation of refractory carbides and tubes and graphite platforms by using different methodologies and proving the efficiency through physical analyses (Izário Filho et al, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c. Direct solids sampling can be realized in flame AAS but innovation especially occurs in the case of electrothermal atomization.…”