Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain: Emerging Relationship to Early Life Stress

Parker, Kaila N.; Donovan, Michael H.; Smith, Kylee; Noble-Haeusslein, Linda J.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.708800

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 237 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…The most common mechanism of injury in our patients was RTAs – one study found domestic accidents to be commonest, 9 but the majority of published literature confirm RTA as the predominant mechanism of injury. 3–6,10 Likewise, ‘fall from height’ was another significant mechanism of injury, in keeping with most other studies from India; 4,6,7,11 three of the nine traumas under 1 year of age were falls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Due to lack of knowledge, parents are carrying children in two or three wheelers without adequate protection, resulting in a high incidence of falls; injury to a child's developing brain can have both short term and long term damage and the head was the second most commonly injured body area in this study. 11,12 Blunt abdominal injury was the most common type of injury and liver was the most affected organ. Data from developed nations like the USA have shown a high incidence of RTA death in children who are not restrained in their cars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to lack of knowledge, parents are carrying children in two or three wheelers without adequate protection, resulting in a high incidence of falls; injury to a child’s developing brain can have both short term and long term damage and the head was the second most commonly injured body area in this study. 11,12…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and pattern of injury of pediatric trauma patients in level l trauma centre of Northern India

Thakur

Jaiswal

Singh

et al. 2022

Trauma

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Introduction Uttar Pradesh ranks first in India as far as trauma deaths are concerned with 40% of victims under 18 years of age. In spite of such high mortality and morbidity no national portal for trauma registry data exists. This study was conducted to evaluate the profile of injured pediatric patients, to provide baseline knowledge for further research, management and development of pediatric injury prevention programmes. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in the only Level 1Trauma Centre of the most populous state of India. Children aged less than 18 years of age admitted to the trauma centre were analysed for mechanism, type and severity of injury, the mode of management and outcome. Result In a 2 year period 916 children were admitted and their data analysed. Most were boys (73%) and the most common age group was 12–18 years. Half of injuries were caused by road traffic accidents, and blunt injuries were commonest. Blunt abdominal trauma then head injury were the commonest areas injured; 20% of children had life-threatening injuries. Nearly half (47%) had moderate to severe trauma according to the Pediatric Trauma Score. 507 patients (55.4%) were managed conservatively and 409 children (44.6%) required surgery; 657 (71%) were successfully discharged and 39 children (4.25%) unfortunately died. Conclusion This study identifies the need for dedicated trauma registries, training of trauma team according to standard operating procedures, the development of paramedical teams for in-the-field management of patients and development of injury prevention programmes according to both age and gender.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and pattern of injury of pediatric trauma patients in level l trauma centre of Northern India

Thakur

Jaiswal

Singh

et al. 2022

Trauma

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“…Despite the focus on physical deficits in the early stages of severe brain injury, it is cognitive and behavioral deficits that lead to the significant morbidity that most hinder the ability to resume work and maintain social activities, causing long-term disability and lowering the quality of life [4,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Refractory Insomnia in a Patient With Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder and Long-Standing Traumatic Brain Injury

Ali,

Megna,

Fichadia

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.TBI can be classified into primary and secondary brain injury. Primary injury refers to the structural damage caused upon impact. Secondary injury refers to the damage from subsequent cellular processes following a prior injury, such as excitotoxicity, free radical generation, calcium-mediated damage, hypoxia, and increased intracranial pressure. Unsurprisingly, these mechanisms can produce structural, biochemical, and genetic changes implicated in sleep disturbance. A coup-contrecoup injury typically occurs at the base of the skull in areas of bony prominences, hence, the anterior temporal and inferior frontal regions, including the basal forebrain, are frequently injured. Because the basal forebrain contributes to sleep initiation, injury to this region can lead to insomnia symptoms.In this report, we present a case study of a 41-year-old Caucasian male who experienced a TBI at the age of seven due to a motor vehicle accident. The left frontotemporal lobe was affected as a result of the incident. He was admitted to the emergency room in March 2023 for safety concerns in the context of extreme anger and irritability, which could endanger others and himself. Additionally, he struggled with chronic insomnia. The chart review showed that the patient's chronic insomnia was poorly controlled and probably contributed to the current presentation. The patient was observed in the days following admission while various medication changes were attempted to treat his chronic insomnia. Unique limitations were encountered in managing this patient's insomnia, as he has multiple drug allergies, including some of the commonly used medications to treat insomnia.A particularly unique observation was that the medications that finally worked for this patient had anticholinergic side effects. They are usually contraindicated in post-TBI patients. However, it was beneficial to use them in this case, which can be explored further.

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“…It is a neurosurgical disease with high fatality and disabilityrates, which can cause physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural symptoms [4] [5] . TBI is second only to cancer and cardiovascular disease in morbidity and mortality and is the leading cause of traumatic death [6] [7] . TBI, which affects an estimated 69 million people worldwide, is usually caused by traffic accidents, falling from high altitudes, extreme sports, and other violent hits to the head that cause short-term memory loss and motor and cognitive dysfunction [8] [9] [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on serum miR-185-5p in assessing the injury severity and prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury

Wu¹,

Chen²,

Xiang³

et al. 2023

J Med Biochemistry

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Objective This study aims to explore whether serum miR-185-5p levels are related to the degree of injury and prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients. Methods Quantify the serum miR-185-5p level of 120 TBI patients. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to grade the damage, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate the prognosis 3 months after the trauma. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between serum miR-185-5p level and injury degree and prognosis, and the value of serum miR-185-5p level on injury degree and prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The level of serum miR-185-5p in patients with moderate or severe TBI was significantly higher than that in the mild group, and the level of miR-185-5p was closely related to the GCS score and GOS score. Serum miR-185-5p levels higher than 0.36 can distinguish TBI patients with mild and moderate injury with a sensitivity of 72.97% and a specificity of 97.62%; higher than 0.43, a sensitivity of 46.34% and a specificity of 91.89% can be distinguished significantly TBI patients are moderately and severely injured; higher than 0.36, with a sensitivity of 96.30% and a specificity of 60.24%, significantly distinguish the poor prognosis of TBI patients. Serum miR-185-5p level becomes an independent predictor of TBI patients with poor prognosis for 3 months. Under the ROC curve, the serum miR-185-5p level showed an effective ability to discriminate adverse outcomes at 3 months. Conclusions Serum miR-185-5p level is significantly correlated with the degree of injury and poor prognosis of TBI patients at 3 months, indicating that serum miR-185-5p level may be a biomarker that provides supplementary prognostic information to identify the risk of poor prognosis in TBI patients.

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Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain: Emerging Relationship to Early Life Stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 237 publications

Epidemiology and pattern of injury of pediatric trauma patients in level l trauma centre of Northern India

Epidemiology and pattern of injury of pediatric trauma patients in level l trauma centre of Northern India

Chronic Refractory Insomnia in a Patient With Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder and Long-Standing Traumatic Brain Injury

Study on serum miR-185-5p in assessing the injury severity and prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury

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