Treating Water by Degrading Oxyanions Using Metallic Nanostructures

Abstract

Consideration of the water-energy-food nexus is critical to sustainable development, as 18 demand continues to grow along with global population growth. Cost-effective, 19 sustainable technologies to clean water of toxic contaminants are needed. Oxyanions 20 comprise one common class of water contaminants, with many species carrying 21 significant human health risks. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US 22 EPA) regulates the concentration of oxyanion contaminants in drinking water via the 23 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR). Degrading oxyanions into 24 innocuous compounds through catalytic chemistry is a well-studied approach that does 25 not generate additional waste, which is a significant advantage over adsorption and 26 separation methods. Noble metal nanostructures, e.g., Au, Pd and Pt, are particularly 27 opportunities for metal nanostructures to contribute to improved quality and sustainability 33 of water resources.

Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor

“…As documented in other articles in this issue, many water contaminants are oxyanions (Kumar et al, 2014; Yin et al, 2018). Sources include agriculture, mining, metal-working and aerospace industries, municipal wastewater, and natural minerals.…”

“…Compared to physical and chemical approaches, mainly including adsorption (Hiemstra and Van Riemsdijk, 1999; Cumberland and Strouse, 2002; Peak, 2006) and catalytic reduction (Chaplin et al, 2012; Yin et al, 2018), microbiological reduction is an effective, economic, and sustainable means to simultaneously remove oxyanions from water. In microbial reduction, the oxyanion regularly functions as a respiratory electron acceptor for bacteria (Rittmann and McCarty, 2001; Martin and Nerenberg, 2012; Madigan et al, 2014; Rittmann, 2018).…”

The Influence of the Support Nature and the Metal Precursor in the Activity of Pd‐based Catalysts for the Bromate Reduction Reaction

“…Nevertheless the use of catalysis for the control of water pollutants is not easy because for a commercial use, the catalyst must be active at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and must be very stable avoiding metal leaching. Even this, many papers studied the use of catalytic hydrogenation for the control of some water pollutants as halogenated organics, nitrosamines, nitrate, nitrite and bromate [8–13] …”

“…The authors have proposed a mechanism for the bromate reduction involving reactions in the liquid phase and on the surface of the catalyst [29] . A very interesting review [13] describing the use of metallic nanostructures for treating water by degradation of oxyanions has recently appeared, presenting a summary of different catalysts used for the catalytic reduction of bromate.…”

Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for the Remediation of Water Resources

“…This is a term for a whole series of different chemical processes initiated or mediated by the presence of the catalyst. There are many different classes of catalytic activity which have been reported for nanomaterials in relation to removal of contaminants from water such as photocatalysis [20], reduction [21] and catalysis of the activation of oxidant species [22].…”