Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in 2015

Aronow, Wilbert S.

doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000000358

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Statins, inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, can inhibit cholesterol synthesis and are prescribed to cope with endogenous hypercholesterolemia (Aronow, 2017). Recent studies demonstrated that statins have emerged as novel renoprotective drugs independently of their lipid-lowering effect in a variety of glomerular diseases including diabetic nephropathy (Epstein and Campese, 2005; Kolavennu et al, 2008; Peng et al, 2013; Shen et al, 2016), whereas the underlying mechanism has not been understood completely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lovastatin Alleviates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomeruli via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and TGF-β1 Signaling

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Statins may decrease chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) risk, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent studies indicate Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays an important role contributing to renal interstitial fibrosis. In the present study, we first investigated whether lovastatin could ameliorate renal fibrosis via suppression of EndMT and its possible mechanism. In vitro experiments, lovastatin significantly ameliorated microalbuminuria and pathologic changes in diabetic rats. Double labeling immunofluorescence showed lovastatin could inhibit EndMT in glomeruli. Furthermore, lovastatin could inhibit oxidative stress and down-regulate TGF-β1-Smad signaling. Consistent alterations were observed in vivo that lovastatin substantially suppressed EndMT and TGF-β1 signaling induced by high glucose in glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs). These data indicated that lovastatin could ameliorate EndMT in glomeruli in diabetic nephropathy, the mechanism of which might be at least partly through suppression of oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lovastatin Alleviates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomeruli via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and TGF-β1 Signaling

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Therefore, dietary modification, physical activity and functional foods (i.e., probiotics) are attractive choices to reduce the risk of heart diseases and dosage of hypocholesterolemic drugs. (Aronow, 2017;Lichtenstein & Goldin, 2004;St-Onge et al, 2000). In addition, several studies suggested that certain probiotic bacterial strains can assimilate cholesterol.…”

Section: Hypocholesterolemic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol-lowering and probiotic properties of selected lactic acid bacteria

Kingkaew

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Ninety strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods and bark of Tamarindus indica were screening cholesterol-lowering effects, selected and identified based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. They were identified as Companilactobacillus farciminis (5 strains), C. formosensis (10 strains), C. futsaii (6 strains), C. pabuli (4 strains), Enterococcus thailandicus (2 strains), Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis (3 strains), Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (10 strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (17 strains), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (2 strains), Lentilactobacillus buchneri (8 strains), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (2 strains), �P. pentosaceus (12 strains) and each of En. durans, En. hirae, En. lactis, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae, Leuconostoc lactis and Pediococcus acidilactici. Strain BCM23-1T isolated from bark of Tamarindus indica was closely related to Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus NK26-11T (98.3 %). The draft genome of BCM23-1T was 3.24?Mb in size and contained 3088 coding sequences with an in silico DNA G+C content of 37.1?mol%. The values of ANIb, ANIm and digital DNADNA hybridization between strain BCM23-1T and T. laevilacticus NK26-11T were 89.9, 90.8 and 40.4?%, respectively. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic tree analysis and whole genome analyses support strain BCM23-1T as representing a novel species of Terrilactibacillus for which the name Terrilactibacillus tamarindi sp. nov. is proposed. Twelve selected strains exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity (BSH activity) and the ability of cholesterol assimilation. Strain L. plantarum LM14-2 showed the greatest cholesterol assimilation ability at 86.07%. From the investigation of fundamental probiotic properties, twelve selected strains could tolerate and survive in the simulated gastric condition for 3 hours and simulated small intestinal condition for 5 hours, and adhere to Caco-2 cells at 82.46 to 31.16%. In addition, all selected strains were evaluated other health-promoting effects. All selected strains showed immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, only Lc. lactis subsp. lactis NH2-7C could synthesis bacteriocin containing anti-pathogenic activity. Based on the genomic data, bacteriocin NH2-7C was identified as nisin A. The bacteriocin NH2-7C was partially purified through hydrophobic interaction and cation exchange chromatography and characterized. The partially purified bacteriocin NH2-7C was stable at 100 ?C for 30 minutes and it showed antimicrobial activity at pH 2 to 7. The partially purified bacteriocin NH2-7C was sensitive to protease-K. Based on the genomic analysis, L. plantarum LM14-2 and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis NH2-7C were safe and they were predicted as non-human pathogen and contained probiogenomic characteristics.

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Recombinant 3-Hydroxy 3-Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase from Candida glabrata (Rec-CgHMGR) Obtained by Heterologous Expression, as a Novel Therapeutic Target Model for Testing Synthetic Drugs

Andrade-Pavón

Cuevas‐Hernández

Trujillo‐Ferrara

et al. 2017

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) is a glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum that participates in the mevalonate pathway, the precursor of cholesterol in human and ergosterol in fungi. This enzyme has three domains: transmembrane, binding, and soluble. In this study, we expressed and purified the soluble fraction of the HMGR enzyme from Candida glabrata (CgHMGR) in an Escherichia coli heterologous system and used it as a model for studying its inhibitory activity. The soluble fraction of CgHMGR was fused to the maltose binding protein (MBP), purified, and characterized. Optimal pH was 8.0, and its optimal temperature activity was 37 °C. The k and V for the HMG-CoA were 6.5 μM and 2.26 × 10 μM min, respectively. Recombinant CgHMGR was inhibited by simvastatin presenting an IC at 14.5 μM. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the recombinant HMGR version from C. glabrata may be used as a study model system for HMGR inhibitors such as statins and newly synthesized inhibitor compounds that might be used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or mycosis.

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Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in 2015

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

Lovastatin Alleviates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomeruli via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and TGF-β1 Signaling

Lovastatin Alleviates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomeruli via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and TGF-β1 Signaling

Cholesterol-lowering and probiotic properties of selected lactic acid bacteria

Recombinant 3-Hydroxy 3-Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase from Candida glabrata (Rec-CgHMGR) Obtained by Heterologous Expression, as a Novel Therapeutic Target Model for Testing Synthetic Drugs

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