Tree Uprooting: Review of Types and Patterns of Soil Disturbance

Schaetzl, Randall J.; Burns, Scott F.; Small, Thomas W.; Johnson, Donald L.

doi:10.1080/02723646.1990.10642407

Cited by 93 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Stratigraphy will be broken and irregular and may be extremely complex if tree throws are the primary disruptive agent (Johnson, 1990:87;Schaetzl et al, 1990). If tree throws are frequent in sandy, nonstony soils, there may be no visible horizonation above the subsoil but simply a thick, homogeneous layer created by the repeated mixing of soils; that is, a floralmantle (Johnson, 1990).…”

Section: Model II -Regressive Vector-dominant Soil Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of a local regressive soil type is provided by the side-slope Udorthents that make up part of the Udorthents-Lexington complex (Wynn et al, 1977:20). In the absence or diminished strength of regressive vectors, it may take millennia for progressive vectors to establish or reestablish the structural characteristics diagnostic of proanisotropy (Schaetzl et al, 1990).…”

Section: Modeling Bioturbation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 ing and settling via the effects of gravity (Michie, 1990;Johnson, 1992:76). Dramatic translocation can occur when soil is displaced in tree throws (Johnson et al, 1987: 282;Johnson and Watson-Stegner, 1990;Schaetzl et al, 1990). The effects of different bioturbation events and agents on the archaeological record can be modeled, and the results of field studies can be compared to these models in order to construct detailed site formation histories (e.g., Leigh, 1998Leigh, , 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, biomechanical concepts have been little used in archaeology and the earth sciences (Johnson and Hole, 1994;Grave and Kealhofer, 1999;Johnson, this issue). Recently, however, a theoretical framework encompassing the role of biota in soil formation Watson-Stegner, 1987, 1990;Johnson, 1990Johnson, , 1992Schaetzl et al, 1990;Johnson and Balek, 1991) has been coupled with laboratory and field studies to show the effects of bioturbation on artifacts within the soil (e.g., Stein, 1983;Michie, 1990;Neumann, 1993;Armour-Chelu and Andrews, 1994;Leigh, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, north‐central Mississippi, U.S.A.

Peacock

Fant

2002

Geoarchaeology

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Test excavations at prehistoric site 22MR539 in the North Central Hills uplands of Mississippi have provided evidence of the effects of bioturbation on artifacts within the soil. Artifact distribution and size data are compared to soil particle size and organic content to determine the soil developmental pathway. Progressive soil formation factors have formed a biomantle over a currently forming artifact stone line, while regressive factors have moved artifacts to a depth of more than 50 cm below surface over approximately 2000 years. The single-component, short-term nature of 22MR539 and many similar sites recorded in the area provide an ideal situation to further explore biological and mechanical factors in site formation in an upland setting. ᭧

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Section: Model II -Regressive Vector-dominant Soil Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Bioturbation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, north‐central Mississippi, U.S.A.

Peacock

Fant

2002

Geoarchaeology

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“…Mixing of temporally distinct cultural materials can be expected to occur in woodlands and forested areas (Schaetzl et al, 1989(Schaetzl et al, , 1990, where tree-uprooting can displace entire soil profiles to at least one meter depth (Lutz and Griswold, 1939) and displace any rocks or artifacts that may be within the dislodged soil material. On at least one occasion, while participating in a Phase I archaeological survey in the forested areas of Fort Leonard Wood in south-central Missouri, I observed prehistoric artifacts exposed in the soil of an uprooted tree.…”

Section: Bioturbation and Artifact Dispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buried artifacts in stable upland sites and the role of bioturbation: A review

Balek¹

2002

Geoarchaeology

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Burial of artifacts in Holocene soils developed in pre‐Holocene sediments on stable uplands is commonly interpreted as resulting from post‐depositional accretion of sediment. However, soils are by nature dynamic and burial or displacement of artifacts can and does occur due to “normal” syndepositional and post‐depositional biomechanical pedogenic processes. This paper presents a review of the role of bioturbation in artifact burial. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Redistribution of forest carbon caused by patch blowdowns in subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Wohl

2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Patch blowdowns varying in size from 0.1 to 33 ha affected several areas in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, during the winter of 2011–2012. These blowdowns resulted in substantial redistribution of forest carbon by snapping and uprooting trees, thereby increasing instream wood recruitment, recruitment of dead wood to the forest floor, and exposure of organic soil on uprooted tree plates. Estimates of carbon redistribution at five sites in Rocky Mountain National Park range as high as 308 Mg C/ha in high‐severity patches to 106 Mg C/ha in low‐severity patches, of which typically 10–30% is soil C and the remainder is downed wood. Masses of carbon redistributed from living to dead biomass at high‐severity sites represent a substantial portion of average total biomass in old‐growth subalpine forests in the region. Consequently, the potential for increasing frequency and/or severity of blowdowns under a warming climate represents a significant potential source of terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere. The majority of this carbon is in the form of downed wood that becomes a carbon source to the atmosphere, although interactions between downed wood and river processes can locally increase carbon storage in floodplain soil. Predictions of changes in precipitation and wind patterns, and associated changes in wildfire and insect infestation, suggest that blowdowns may become more common in future in the Southern Rockies, but the consequences for carbon dynamics depend on site‐specific interactions between blowdowns and other processes such as floodplain storage of organic matter.

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Tree Uprooting: Review of Types and Patterns of Soil Disturbance

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, north‐central Mississippi, U.S.A.

Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, north‐central Mississippi, U.S.A.

Buried artifacts in stable upland sites and the role of bioturbation: A review

Redistribution of forest carbon caused by patch blowdowns in subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

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