“…Reflect on the results of PISA and TIMSS; it is clear that the curriculum should be transformed to enable students to think and act creatively and productively, critically, autonomously, collaboratively, and communicatively. The efforts to develop those abilities should be started as early as possible, including in elementary school levels (Ndiung, Dantes, Ardana, & Marhaeni, 2019;Setianingsih, Sa'dijah, As'ari, & Muksar, 2017).…”