Trends in sputter deposited tungsten oxide structures for electrochromic applications: A review

Mehmood, Ahmar; Long, Xueyuan; Haidry, Azhar Ali; Zhang, Xiaogang

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.035

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…At present, nanostructured WO 3 are deposited on various substrates to fabricate optical and electrical devices, such as TiO 2 [ 15 ], NiO [ 16 ], ZnO nanowires (NWs) [ 17 ], diamond [ 14 ], Fe 2 WO 6 [ 8 ], and BiVO 4 [ 18 ]. In the last few years, several review reports have been published based on photo catalysts [ 19 , 20 ], electrochromic devices [ 21 , 22 ], gas sensors [ 23 , 24 ], and oxygen-deficient WO 3 [ 25 ]. However, so far there is no review focusing specifically on nanostructured WO 3 optical and electrical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

et al. 2021

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Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a wide band gap semiconductor with unintentionally n−doping performance, excellent conductivity, and high electron hall mobility, which is considered as a candidate material for application in optoelectronics. Several reviews on WO3 and its derivatives for various applications dealing with electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, hybrid photocatalysts, electrochemical energy storage, and gas sensors have appeared recently. Moreover, the nanostructured transition metal oxides have attracted considerable attention in the past decade because of their unique chemical, photochromic, and physical properties leading to numerous other potential applications. Owing to their distinctive photoluminescence (PL), electrochromic and electrical properties, WO3 nanostructure−based optical and electronic devices application have attracted a wide range of research interests. This review mainly focuses on the up−to−date progress in different advanced strategies from fundamental analysis to improve WO3 optoelectric, electrochromic, and photochromic properties in the development of tungsten oxide−based advanced devices for optical and electronic applications including photodetectors, light−emitting diodes (LED), PL properties, electrical properties, and optical information storage. This review on the prior findings of WO3−related optical and electrical devices, as well as concluding remarks and forecasts will help researchers to advance the field of optoelectric applications of nanostructured transition metal oxides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

et al. 2021

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“…Electrochromic (EC) materials have been widely studied and rapidly developed in past decades because of their potential applications in smart windows, − autodimming mirrors, − adaptive camouflage, − and electronic display devices. − Among numerous EC materials, organic conjugated polymers with excellent coloration efficiency, − high optical contrast, , fast switching time, − and color adjustment − have attracted a great deal of attention. For EC applications, the polymers are usually prepared as a uniform thin film on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, generally by electropolymerization − or spray-/spin-coating methods. − A good electroactive site is an essential condition for electrochemical polymerization. , Spray-/spin coating must meet the requirements of complex chemical synthesis, good solubility, and the inability to construct cross-linked polymer structures. , Thus, development of new methods for preparing polymer films for electrochromic applications has been of great significance. , In particular, the development of a simple method to prepare novel conjugated polymer films for electrochromic applications that can be efficiently constructed under mild conditions using readily available precursors is preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

Zhang

Wang

Dong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Preparing conjugated polymer films via interfacial Suzuki polymerization is a promising method for obtaining desirable electrochromic materials with desired structures. Here, a series of aryl boronic esters and triphenylamine-based aryl bromides were applied as precursors, and several polymer films were finally obtained via the liquid/liquid interfacial Suzuki polymerization reaction under mild conditions. FT-IR, UV, and Raman as well as electrochemistry, SEM, and EDS results all provide strong evidence for the formation of the desired polymer structures. Among them, the TPA-Wu (containing triphenylamine and alkyl-fluorene) film exhibits the best film-forming quality. Besides, these polymer films were applied in electrochromic applications. The results show that electrochromic properties can be affected by the quality of film formation. It is worth mentioning that the TPA-Wu film could achieve excellent electrochromic properties with reversible multicolor changes from transparent yellow to orange-red to blue-green under varying potentials. Compared to other triphenylamine-based electrochromic materials, the TPA-Wu film possessed the most desirable coloring efficiency, higher optical contrast, and shorter switching time. This work provides an existing general approach of liquid/liquid interfacial Suzuki polymerization for constructing conjugated polymer films toward electrochromic applications.

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“…Therefore, an electrochromic device (ECD) has been profoundly used in various potential applications such as smart windows, reflective displays, energy storage, e-skin, and defense applications. , In this connection, numerous electrochromic oxide materials such as ZnO, NiO, WO 3, V 2 O 5 , and CuO have been studied. Among these, WO 3 is the most popular electrochromic material due to its superior electrochromic properties, high stability, and fast switching behavior. − Particularly, the W 6+ has a higher absorption efficiency in the visible region compared with the W 5+ , giving more color contrast as dark blue. − Generally, various methods such as hydrothermal, spray pyrolysis, sputtering, and sol–gel methods have been used for the deposition of the electrochromic layer. Among these, the sol–gel method is more attractive due to its low cost and simple processing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Drying/Annealing: Effect of Oven/Visible Light/Infrared Light/Flash-Lamp Drying/Annealing on WO₃ for Electrochromic Smart Windows

Mallikarjuna

Shinde

Kumar

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In modernization, the electrochromic smart windows are potentially in focus due to their effective control of solar energy by changing the optical modulation in response to an external electric field, thus possibly reducing power consumption. Besides, the efficient way of improving the crystallization of WO3 leads to significant improvement in the electrochromic performance of energy management applications. Herein, the WO3-based electrochromic films were fabricated by the sol–gel process along with controlling the crystallization of WO3 by a photonic drying procedure. The results of the controllable sintering procedure were compared with those of the traditional oven drying method. Among these drying/annealing techniques, the visible-light-drying procedure gave a superior performance with better optical contrast and fast switching behavior. Moreover, the structural features of WO3 were studied through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies. Additionally, the long-life stability (10 000 cycles) of the prepared devices was studied, and visible-light-dried devices showed long-life cycle stability (10% loss from its initial performance) compared with oven/IR light/flash-lamp-dried electrochromic smart window devices.

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Trends in sputter deposited tungsten oxide structures for electrochromic applications: A review

Cited by 57 publications

References 98 publications

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

Photonic Drying/Annealing: Effect of Oven/Visible Light/Infrared Light/Flash-Lamp Drying/Annealing on WO₃ for Electrochromic Smart Windows

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Trends in sputter deposited tungsten oxide structures for electrochromic applications: A review

Cited by 57 publications

References 98 publications

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

Photonic Drying/Annealing: Effect of Oven/Visible Light/Infrared Light/Flash-Lamp Drying/Annealing on WO3 for Electrochromic Smart Windows

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Photonic Drying/Annealing: Effect of Oven/Visible Light/Infrared Light/Flash-Lamp Drying/Annealing on WO₃ for Electrochromic Smart Windows