TRH-Like Peptides

Bílek, R; Bičı́ková, Marie; Safarík, L

doi:10.33549/physiolres.932075

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…2A and 3A). These post-translational modifications are also characteristics of TRH in vertebrates 80 and therefore it is likely that the same post-translational modifications occur in the TRH-like tetrapeptides in A . japonicus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: a genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

Chen

Talarovičová

Zheng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a foodstuff with very high economic value in China, Japan and other countries in south-east Asia. It is at the heart of a multibillion-dollar industry and to meet demand for this product, aquaculture methods and facilities have been established. However, there are challenges associated with optimization of reproduction, feeding and growth in non-natural environments. Therefore, we need to learn more about the biology of A . japonicus , including processes such as aestivation, evisceration, regeneration and albinism. One of the major classes of molecules that regulate physiology and behaviour in animals are neuropeptides, and a few bioactive peptides have already been identified in A . japonicus . To facilitate more comprehensive investigations of neuropeptide function in A . japonicus , here we have analysed genomic and transcriptomic sequence data and proteomic data to identify neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in this species. We identified 44 transcripts encoding neuropeptide precursors or putative neuropeptide precursors, and in some instances neuropeptides derived from these precursors were confirmed by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, analysis of genomic sequence data enabled identification of the location of neuropeptide precursor genes on genomic scaffolds and linkage groups (chromosomes) and determination of gene structure. Many of the precursors identified contain homologs of neuropeptides that have been identified in other bilaterian animals. Precursors of neuropeptides that have thus far only been identified in echinoderms were identified, including L- and F-type SALMFamides, AN peptides and others. Precursors of several peptides that act as modulators of neuromuscular activity in A . japonicus were also identified. The discovery of a large repertoire of neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides provides a basis for experimental studies that investigate the physiological roles of neuropeptide signaling systems in A . japonicus . Looking ahead, some of these neuropeptides may have effects that could be harnessed to enable improvements in the aquaculture of this economically important species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: a genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

Chen

Talarovičová

Zheng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Several endogenous and synthetic TRH-like peptides with the pGlu-Xaa-Pro-NH 2 ([Xaa 2 ]TRH) sequence have been investigated, where Xaa denotes any natural and unnatural amino acid residues [20][21][22]. For example, [Glu 2 ]TRH (1b; Figure 1) exhibits various CNS actions characteristic to TRH without endocrine effects, which is preferable in the context of CNS drug development [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the potential CNS effects of [Glu 2 ]TRH-like tripeptides. The replacement of Glu with Asp brought about peptide 1c (Figure 1) [20]. Analogues 1d and 1e with β-Glu and β-homoGlu (β-hGlu) central acidic residue, respectively, were included based on the increased use of β-amino acids because of their unique structural characteristics in the design of the bioactive ligands [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[β-Glu2]TRH Is a Functional Antagonist of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) in the Rodent Brain

Prókai-Tátrai

Nguyen

Prókai

2021

IJMS

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Selective antagonists of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2), in order to enable a better understanding of this peptide’s central functions, have not been identified. Using pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 ([Glu2]TRH) as a lead peptide and with modification at its central residue, our studies focused on some of its analogues synthesized as potential functional antagonists of TRH in the rodent brain. Among the peptides studied, the novel isomeric analogue [β-Glu2]TRH was found to suppress the analeptic and antidepressant-like pharmacological activities of TRH without eliciting intrinsic effects in these paradigms. [β-Glu2]TRH also completely reversed TRH’s stimulation of acetylcholine turnover in the rat hippocampus without a cholinergic activity of its own, which was demonstrated through in vivo microdialysis experiments. Altogether, [β-Glu2]TRH emerged as the first selective functional antagonist of TRH’s prominent cholinergic actions, by which this endogenous peptide elicits a vast array of central effects.

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“…During the 1980s, studies in mammals revealed that TRH is produced by hypothalamic paraventricular neurons as well as by other extra-hypothalamic brain areas, whereas TRH-like peptides originate in extraneural tissues, such as the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract [13]. These TRH-like peptides differ from authentic TRH due to the fact that the amino acid histidine of authentic TRH is replaced by neutral or acidic amino acids, such as glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, phenylalanine, leucin, valin, tyrosine, and aspartic acid, this accounting for the different degrees of penetrability of these biological potent TRH variants [14].…”

Section: Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Antithyroid Drugs on Fetal Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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A euthyroid pregnant woman will normally have a fetus that displays normal fetal development. However, studies have long demonstrated the role of T3 (Triiodothyronine), T4 (Thyroxine), and TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) and their degree of penetrability into the fetal circulation. Maternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) crosses the placental site and, from mid-gestation onward, is able to promote fetal TSH secretion. Its origin is not only hypothalamic, as was believed until recently. The maternal pancreas, and other extraneural and extrahypothalamic organs, can produce TRH variants, which are transported through the placenta affecting, to a degree, fetal thyroid function. Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) also cross the placenta and, because of their therapeutic actions, can affect fetal thyroid development, leading in some cases to adverse outcomes. Furthermore, there are a number of TRH analogues that share the same properties as the endogenous hormone. Thus, in this narrative review, we highlight the interaction of all the above with fetal growth in uncomplicated pregnancies.

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TRH-Like Peptides

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: a genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

Neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: a genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

[β-Glu2]TRH Is a Functional Antagonist of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) in the Rodent Brain

The Effect of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Antithyroid Drugs on Fetal Thyroid Function

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