Triboelectric Effect Enabled Self-Powered, Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Opportunities for Developing ASSURED and REASSURED Devices

Abstract

The use of rapid point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics in conjunction with physiological signal monitoring has seen tremendous progress in their availability and uptake, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, to truly overcome infrastructural and resource constraints, there is an urgent need for self-powered devices which can enable on-demand and/or continuous monitoring of patients. The past decade has seen the rapid rise of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as the choice for high-efficiency energy harvesting for developing self-powered systems as well as for use as sensors. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of such wearable sensors and end-to-end solutions for physiological and biomarker monitoring. We further discuss the current constraints and bottlenecks of these devices and systems and provide an outlook on the development of TENG-enabled PoC/monitoring devices that could eventually meet criteria formulated specifically for use in LMICs.

Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Farm Animal Diseases: From Biosensors to Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices

“…LFAs are simple and rapid and have been popularized due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 11 ]. Relevant tests for farm animals are used, mainly for zoonotic diseases with high economic impact, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) and rinderpest, which require rapid diagnosis and immediate intervention [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Following in these footsteps, various biosensors and POC applications for economically significant diseases and zoonoses started to emerge. The COVID-19 pandemic has popularized POC testing on a global scale [ 11 ]. However, a similar trend has not yet been observed in POC diagnostics for farm animal diseases.…”

Design and simulation of a millifluidic device for differential detection of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 based on triboelectricity

“…To approach benchmark standardization of PoC devices, the world health organization (WHO) enacted a set of criteria for an ideal test in a health care system, so-called by the acronym ASSURED − Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Robust and Rapid, Equipment-free, and Deliverable to remote areas [32] . Most of the aforementioned detection techniques, except for laboratory-based ones, are potent to meet the ASSURED criteria; however, the efficiency of electrochemical assays is further limited by the requirements of electrically powered, expensive equipment in developing nations.…”

Total electrification of large-scale nanophotonic arrays by frictional charges

“…Especially technologies enabling such self-powered biosensing operating without an external electronic power source or onboard battery 13 can provide a low-cost accurate diagnostic platform for resource-limited countries which is free from infrastructure constraints. The typical reports on the self-powered biosensors describe the use of either photovoltaics, 14 enzymatic reaction, 15 or more recently, triboelectric (electrostatics), 16 to supply power. For triboelectric devices, photo-stimulation for charge density control has been demonstrated earlier in low-bandgap halide semiconductors 17 and perovskites, 18 however, utilisation of plasmonic effects has not been demonstrated widely, barring in Au/TiO 2 triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which requires UV excitation owing to the large bandgap in TiO 2 (B3.2 eV).…”